Environmental Health and Epidemiology - Assignment Example

Environmental Health and Epidemiology Question Calculate the crude skin cancer rates for each age group and gender to complete Table Table Skincancer cases in the United States, 1999 - 2010 (excluding basal and squamous)2. Calculate and interpret the rate ratio of skin cancer for males to females.The above table presents the rate ratio of skin cancer for males to females in the United States for the period 1999-2010. As the calculations reveal, skin cancer incidence rate among the female population of the age group less than 10-14 years per 100,000 females is 0.37. Accordingly, the skin cancer incidence rate for every 100,000 male is ascertained to be 1.42. Accordingly, the skin cancer rate incidence rate for males per 100,000 is ascertained to be 1.

42 att the same age. Similarly, for the age group under 15 – 19 years, skin cancer incidence rate per 100,000 females is reckoned to be 2.90 while for the males, per 100,000 of the same age group is estimated to be 0.49. Again, 7.82 females under the age group of 20 – 24 years per 100,000 is ascertained to acquire skin cancer while for the same age group 0.41 males per 100,000 females are identified to suffer from skin cancer. For the age group under 25 – 29 years, 11.85 per 100,000 females are identified with skin cancer; on the other hand, the male population of 0.

45 per 100,000 females are reckoned to have skin cancer. Female population has further been estimated at 11.85 of under the age group of the 30 – 34 years per 100,000 while 0.45 males per 100, females are diagnosed with skin cancer. At the same time, for the female age group ranging 85 years and above, per 100,000 females with skin cancer is ascertained to be 40.27 while for the same age group of males, the incidence rate is 3.14 for skin cancer. Correspondingly, the highest ratio of males over 100,000 females with skin cancer is reckoned to the population falling in the age group of 85 years and above, while the lowest age group is estimated to be the male population ranging between 20-24 years.

Question 3. Using the calculated rates from Table 1, determine the number of expected counts in the male population by adjusting to the female rates to complete Table 2.Question 4. How does the crude rate compare to the age-adjusted rate? Interpret the age adjusted rate.The weighted mean of stratum-specific rate (age-adjusted rate) is recognized as the crude rate or overall rate. The variations between the crude rates of the two populations entail distinctions in the distribution of characteristics.

Thus, the crude rate is compared to the age-adjusted rate based on these differences (Diener-West & Kanchanaraksa, 2008).Table 2 determined the number of expected counts in the male population by adjusting to the female rates. According to the above table, it is estimated that where 0.37 females per 100,000 have the risk of skin cancer, 1889077.43 males are estimated to be diagnosed with skin cancer. Accordingly, it has been identified that the highest expected male population is 117980732 per 100,000 female population with skin cancer.

On the other hand, the lowest expected incidence rate skin cancer rate for male per 100,000 female is ascertained to be 1889077. ReferencesDiener-West, M., & Kanchanaraksa, S. (2008). The Direct and Indirect Methods of Adjustment. Retrieved from http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/fundepi/PDFs/Lecture7.pdf