The Major Material Types: Aluminium Alloy and Stainless Steel - Assignment Example

 Task one Effects of Recrystallisation Recrystallisation as a process of replacing the grains till the original ones are consumed, Aluminium Alloy can react due to the metallurgy thus reducing the strength and hardness of the metal. Aluminium develops a precipitation and behavior towards the process creating an effect of dispersoid coarsening problem. For the commercial purity alloys, they normally cause an effect of annealing at the temperatures of 250 degrees creating a casting problem. For the stainless steel, the process is able to be integrated with the grain growth. The elements of the metals are able to form a hot deformation and cause an effect in the kinetics of Recrystallisation (Tindell. 2014). Hot and Cold Working Aluminium alloys are not usually amenable to the heat treatment thus making them to harden. The properties of Aluminium alloy are exploited by the cold forming where they are reversed easily by the annealing process. Stainless steel reacts to the cold work by creating a magnetic permeability that is heavily noticed. The magnetic effects cause effects to human and at the same time they become important in magnetic field developments. The main feature for the metal is that, it is corrosive to both the hot and cold working because of the metal’s ability to form a thin film metal oxide. Alloying Stainless steel metals have the tendency of increasing their hardness and strength more especially iron metal. They also form a unique alloying combination that makes them to be useful. In addition, they also improve their corrosion resistance making them to be the best. With the Aluminium Alloy, the effects are per the specific elements. Arsenic, a semi conductor becomes toxic in some limits. It makes the metal to be controlled by the low limits used as foil. 1. Thermoplastic polymeric materials are Polyethylene and nylon. Polymer Processing Temperature Polyethylene has the best low temperatures in the process making it to have a toughness that enables it to have good characters for creating waterproof aspect. With the increase in temperature, nylon is able to increase its stiffness making it to have the ability to re solidify. Other process parameters When the temperatures decrease to form a molding temperature, the polymer has a hybrid of Nan composites that affects the viscosity of the polyethylene. Nylon also has an effect in terms of its moisture creating a distortion on the temperatures. It even has a lower hardness thus leading to a low meting point that makes it to mould fast (Gupta, 2014). Pressure effect Polyethylene is able to form a crystallization transition that enables it to have a cooling effect that makes it possible to form good shapes of objects. With the increase of pressure, the moisture content of nylons is increased. 2. The two specific examples of Thermosets are Phenolics and epoxies. Mould Temperature The Phenolics have the best thermal performances that enable them to insulate and protect the elements from the high temperatures. The mould making and casting materials of the epoxies is affected by the temperature depending on the type of chemical reaction that occurs. Moulding pressure and time With the high pressure Phenolics are able to transform into different flexural strengths with shrinking abilities. The epoxies also face an irreversible reaction that is brought by a chemical reaction that is caused by the heat, pressure and time. Curing temperature and time Unlike the nylons, both the Thermosets do not tolerate the heating cycles that are repeated but instead they produce a chemical reaction that makes them to form solids. With time, they harden up forming a solid. At the first stage of heating, they are only able to soften and flow but as the temperatures incur, they transform into solids. 3. Ceramic Materials effects- Examples are glass and stone Water content of clay The ceramic clays have got a number of essentials that are in association with quartz. The moisture content affects the strength of the ceramic material. The particles of the ceramic materials dry and lose water. Sintering Press force At 900 degrees the sintering process start and the clay materials change to be bisque. Due to the hard quality, the material changes to glass on a larger force heat. The particles melt down shrinking. Firing Temperature Glass is formed by melting the minerals from large silica in order to form the desired shape. With the increase of temperature to about 800 degrees, the clay looses all the impurities and seals the bulk material. 5. Composite materials- Glass or carbon fibres that are based on the thermosetting polymers. Fibre Alignment The chemical and mechanical processes normally affects the alignment more especially the polymer atoms. The carbon fibre is very strong that it holds a glass pillar firmly. The carbon is normally put in an axis that is long while mixing some materials like Aluminium. De-lamination There is an effect on the delamination that causes a buckling strength to the glass-carbon hybrid laminates. There is also a symmetric and ant-symmetric laminates effects that occur in the process. The buckling load reduces with the increase of the length of delamination thus leading to a small deviation. Matrix/reinforcement ratio The fiber composites are normally higher in terms of stiffness and strength than the matrix. The matrix should support the fibre and protect its environment within the elevated temperatures. The quality of the composite is in a way that it withstands the shear stress. The interface is responsible of transferring stress from the fibre to the matrix. Particle dispersion in cermet’s The dispersion of the composite materials should be placed in different formats. The fibres have got the ability to form different filaments, short fibre and platelets. The reinforcement can be uni-axial or bi- directional depending on the plane. 4. Smart Materials- Electrostrictive and magnetostrictive materials Applied force As the mechanical force is exerted on the material, it responds opposing the effect. Electric fields The material induces a magnetic field that later causes the creation of current leading to the mechanical to electrical energy transformation (Sensor land). Magnetic fields The magnetostrictive materials have tiny 3D shells that are made up of ferromagnets. They do not have the electrons fully making them to act like bar magnets. They normally realign themselves with the axis of the magnetic field neutralizing the magnetic effects. Temperature change With the temperature change, the magnetic fields follows the rules of physics where by the materials are made to either stretch or shrink. Color change The speed to which the materials react is very fast. Their properties can react to the environment by use of the thermo chromic materials. The appearance change can be due to the mechanical, electrical and the appearance formations. Task two 5. Materials used to construct a modern turbine blade Criteria of selection The new blade for the company can be manufactured by either the resin infusion, prepreg infusion and wet lamination that is not common due to the advancement of the designs with the increase of the size and complexity. Materials for infusion blades Infusion Resin PRIME infusion Structural Adhesives Structural Core Materials for Prepreg Blades Prepregs Coatings Structural Adhesives Structural Core Advanced Prepregs Relevant Standards The major objective in the construction is to ensure that cost is reduced in order to cover the Cost of Energy (COE). Advanced materials are to be used that will follow all the rules of structural design. The cost of quality of each turbine will be of importance since the COE will be calculated in response to the life cycle of the entire turbine construction. The materials used are the appropriate ones since they have robustness with the best quality ever. The interaction between the materials is also important and it is well understood due to the material characteristics. With the bill of the materials, it is increasing while reducing the COE. The emphasis is more on the over specified materials that will be replaced. Materials for Infusion blades The materials components to be used are four. Dry fabrics, infusion resin, core material and structural adhesives. The major materials to be under consideration are the infusion, structural and core since they provide the latest product range in relation to the market. 8. Materials used for a 4x4 BMW Model a. Range of materials to be used The sheet metals can be used in creating the body parts along with the adjustable elements. The best materials to be used as body parts are the collection of steel, Aluminium and plastic. It is even easy to integrate the production process with its unique painting. b. Criteria used in the selection The BMW should focus on the light weight technology whereby a new car can weigh less than 280 lbs. the selection of the materials was chosen from the criteria of lightweight design, driving dimensions, comfort, the intelligent connectivity and operation. The structural elements use the CFRP that use the steel B pillars that are made up of steel. The construction of the cars is made in a sustainable way where by ideas like the I concept concentrate on the natural recycle ability. The fuel energy of the cars is also renewable making all the materials for the body parts to be recyclable. 9. Further Analysis of Modern turbine Construction Justification on the choice of material The materials that have been selected have been used by Gurit Company since 1995. they have been used in the development of specialized blades and they are well known for the complexity and size in the business. With the introduction of the safety awareness and health matters the materials qualify to be the best in sectors of resin infusion and prepreg. Why other materials did not meet the requirements Other materials have not been recommended because they do not sufficient in terms of cost reduction and bill increase. Their material cost is increasing making the entire process to be sophisticated. Why the material meets the specific criteria in relation to the performance and operation The resin system is the suitable material used in the infusion since it meets various aspects in terms of production. The materials meet the component size, ambient conditions, the reinforcement and the properties of thermal and mechanical conditions including the certification of the blades. The utilization of the mould and cycle time that is paramount with the cost reduction. The prime infusion has low viscosity that minimizes the time of infusion that minimizes the blade production time. The materials also have a good variable infusion time that has a range of different speeds that harden the fitness of any process. The exothermal range is thin that extends the mould life. Infusion is easy for the materials producing large structures. Above all the materials are certified. The prime tools of infusion have a low viscosity that has a long working time. It makes it easy for the infusion of large parts. The low exothermal characteristics allow the thick section areas to be created without any problem due to the reaction of exothermic heat. The core cell has got a good environmental stability that has got a good high tolerance to the chemical reactions. The cells are fine creating a good saving weight and cost (Hau, 2012). Light Carbon Core Portfolio BWM 4X4 Body parts Portfolio The body parts are suitable for the design, cost and easily available Gurit Materials Portfolio REFERENCES Gupta, K. M. (2014). Engineering Materials. CRC Press. Hau, E. (2012). Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics. Berlin: Springer Berlin. Tindell, H. (2014). Engineering materials. Read More