Cultural Safety and Cultural Competency on Aboriginal People - Research Paper Example

? Competencies Competencies Following the inadequacy of resources on researches on competencies as well as the increasing interest in the same area by new researchers, the need for annotated bibliography development was reached at. The process of coming up with annotated bibliography by researchers proved that literature on competencies is so wide. The developments also showed that most of the already conducted researchers are on cultural competence and focus on provider interaction on patients falling under the CBPR literature. The aim of this annotated bibliography is to act as a resource on competencies for any researcher. Bobs, S. (1999). ‘Culturally competent research: an ethical perspective.’ Clin Psychol Rev. 19(1):4555. This article looks at the ethical guidelines and principles perspectives for providers on matters related to research on populations from ethnic minorities. Issues like informed consent presentation or reporting to those taking part in research, studies that are not appropriate on populations dominated by ethnic minority, researchers lacking diversity amongst themselves, and instrument assessment that are culturally insensitive are discussed in the article (Bobs, 1999). The article goes further to recommend certain criteria and responsibilities for cultural competence which include; involving the youth more in researches as concerned citizens as well as investigators, The recommendations generally address the bigger issue of failing to acknowledge persons in their different cultural context. The article concludes by presenting what the ethical guidelines and principles imply on providers. The article is reliable as it fully covers cultural competence issues and goes further to offer recommendations on the same. The recommendations are detailed thus can be relied upon by any reader. Brach, C & Fraser, I. (2000). ‘Can cultural competence reduce racial and ethical health disparities? A review and conceptual model.’ Med Care Res Rev. 57(S1):181217 This article addresses a model on conceptual cultural competency that is aimed at reducing ethnic and racial disparities. The model makes use of literatures on cultural disparities and competency to develop a strong foundation so as to enable it gain assessments of validity information. The article has come up with nine main techniques on cultural competency. The techniques include; retention and recruitment policies, interpreter services, community health workers utility, traditional healers training coordination, health promotion health promotion, organizational and administrative accommodation and different cultures immersion(Brach and Fraser, 2000). The article then offers explanations on how the techniques can be theoretically applied to improve health system’s ability and how the clinical offers can be used to deliver services that are appropriate on diverse populations thus improving the techniques results and at the same time check on their disparities. The article ends by challenging future researchers to focus on the evidence provided by the techniques on cultural competence on their effectiveness and how they are to be implemented. This is a problem solving article thus highly recommended for researchers on cultural competence issues. Luquis, R. & Perez, M. (2006). ‘Cultural competency among school health educators.’ Journal of Cultural Diversity. 13(4):217-22. This article was published following the American classrooms changing demographics that made health educators imperative while possessing the ability to offer health education. The article has responded to this situation by describing the cultural competence levels among health educators in schools and includes ways in which the educators can be able to improve their respective cultural competency. The research covered by this article indicates that educators posses cultural awareness but still suggest that more research should be conducted in the same area so as to increase the understanding of cultural competency in health educators. According to the article, professional training practices were seen to improve cultural competency (Luquis and Perez, 2006). This offers a chance for educators to make the most of workshops on cultural competency. By the end of the workshops, the educators were observed to be better placed to reflect on their personal experience while providing effective health education across different cultures. This is a practical article that is so relevant for inexperienced educators especially those dealing with multicultural classroom environments. Stein, K. (2009). ‘Navigating cultural competency: in preparation for an expected standard in 2000.’Journal of the American Dietetic association. 109 (10):1676-88 This article features the health fields in which cultural competence is allied to include how dietetics has shifted from the idea it was once known for, to being a quality care requirement. The author of this article is strongly against the training programs on cultural competence efforts which end up reinforcing stereotypes in relation to culture as a result of the curricula on cultural competence tenets. The author responds to this by suggesting that such curricula should put more emphasis on the cultural role at the same time emphasizing on its fluidity, appreciate the distinction that arises between race, culture and ethnicity while avoiding the prescription of cultural competence (Stein, 2009). This article goes ahead to recommend approaches that can successfully improve cultural competency teaching. The approaches suggested include literature assignments and film, narrative medicine, class discussions and self-reflection opportunities. The article is a problem solving literature thus it focuses only on a specific subtopic under cultural competence thus limits application. Vaughn, L. (2009). ‘Families and cultural competency: where are we?’ Family & Community Health. 32(3): 247-56 This review is out to look at the history, foundation and complexity related in association with cultural competence applied in medicine and healthcare. The article is included with the trainings that are under way and evaluates the cultural competence models, cultural competence as a subject and offers directions on future training and research under the scope of cultural competence. The article also looks at the family situation in relation to cultural competence suggesting that family medicine, healthcare, psychological and psychiatry have been in the fore front in the development of curricula and practical guidelines for care in cultural competence (Vaughn, 2009). In addition, the article delineates cultural competence standard care. If any researcher is interested in working on cultural competence related to medicine and healthcare, then this is the article to look for. The issue is intensively covered especially on family levels and by the end of the article; the reader will be well vast with cultural competence knowledge, attitude and skills. Gregg, J. & Saha, S. (2006). ‘Losing culture on the way to competence: The use and misuse of culture in medical education.’ Academic Medicine. 81(26):542-547 This article has its focus on how most of the current traditional models programs on educations systems that cut across different cultures are motivated mainly by the need to do away with barriers so as offer effective care to refuges, immigrants, and other groups regarded as being under socio-cultural margins. According to the article, most of the programs on cultural competence are developed on the basis of traditional models cutting across different education cultures (Gregg and Saha, 2006). The article appreciates the renewed interests by health professionals in cultural competence that was mainly driven by the need to do way with ethnic and racial disparities in health care quality. The author discusses the culture relevance to health care and to particular disparities. The cultural concept is also examined with particular attention being put on whether it has been used or misused in the training of cultural competence. The article ends by addressing implications of the ideas suggested on educating health care professionals. The article is not up to standard as it does not offer in depth analysis of the ideas it suggests though it does well in explaining the implications of those ideas. Doutrich, D. & Storey, M. (2004). ‘Education and practice.’ Family & Community Health. 27(4):298-307 The article is a report on a project that associates Southwest Washington Health District and Washington State University College of Nursing Vancouver. The association is designed in such away that it is meant to improve health skills while dealing with the public and the public’s cultural competence. This approach includes baccalaureate nurse’s registration and uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis in its evaluation process of describing and documentation of strategies and themes (Doutrich and Storey, 2004). This article is useful as the approach used in assessing the cultural competence process in relation to healthcare professionals is very useful when it comes to measuring the progress of student’s cultural competence. The significant changes in cultural competence were also included in the article thus making it so relevant. Betancourt, J. (2003). ‘Defining cultural competence.’ Public Health Reports. 118(4):293-302 This article has been based on relevant literatures that had already been reviewed on cultural competence definition, key investigation components identification and a practical implementation framework on measures that address ethnic and racial healthcare disparities. The article entails a literature review of foundation, academic and publications from the government on barriers on social-cultural care. The review also covers healthcare system levels and the efforts on cultural competence aimed at addressing the prevailing barriers. The article also identifies socio-cultural barriers at the structural, organizational and clinical levels (Betancourt, 2003). The article is relevant as through it, any structural, clinical competence cultural and organizational framework interventions can be easily facilitated as any individual or organization can use this article in eliminating disparities and improving health care. Thompson, M. (2004). ‘In search of cultural competence in evaluation: Toward principles and practices’. New Directions for Evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. This book has several sections which cover the complexities, benefits, challenges, and politics on cultural competence. The article discusses in details the role played by culture. To achieve this, several case studies have been included in the article from different groups and settings as more emphasis has been put on the experiences in the past so as to help in future recommendations (Thompson, 2004). The article also takes time to discuss the cultural services related to American Indian community. This is a complete article and touches on several subjects thus can be recommended to anyone interested in cultural competence. ANAC. (2011). Cultural Competency and cultural Safety: Curriculum for Aboriginal People. Ottawa, ON This book is on cultural safety and cultural competence training curriculum on Aboriginal people. The identified curriculum explains the significance of understanding the contemporary life and history of the Aboriginal in relation to cultural safety and competency. The book is plain focusing on a specific curriculum and on a particular community thus can only be used in specific studies. References ANAC. (2011). Cultural Competency and cultural Safety: Curriculum for Aboriginal People. Ottawa, ON Betancourt, J. (2003). ‘Defining cultural competence.’ Public Health Reports. 118(4):293-302 Bobs, S. (1999). ‘Culturally competent research: an ethical perspective.’ Clin Psychol Rev. 19(1):4555. Brach, C & Fraser, I. (2000). ‘Can cultural competence reduce racial and ethical health disparities? A review and conceptual model.’ Med Care Res Rev. 57(S1):181217 Doutrich, D. & Storey, M. (2004). ‘Education and practice.’ Family & Community Health. 27(4):298-307 Gregg, J. & Saha, S. (2006). ‘Losing culture on the way to competence: The use and misuse of culture in medical education.’ Academic Medicine. 81(26):542-547 Luquis, R. & Perez, M. (2006). ‘Cultural competency among school health educators.’ Journal of Cultural Diversity. 13(4):217-22. Stein, K. (2009). ‘Navigating cultural competency: in preparation for an expected standard in 2000.’Journal of the American Dietetic association. 109 (10):1676-88 Thompson, M. (2004). ‘In search of cultural competence in evaluation: Toward principles and practices’. New Directions for Evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Vaughn, L. (2009). ‘Families and cultural competency: where are we?’ Family & Community Health. 32(3): 247-56 Read More