Elements and Performance Management - Assignment Example

Elements and Performance Management Name Course Name and Code Instructor’s Name Date Element 2: Reviewing shipping and airfreight services available for transporting cargo Airlines and air cargo services operating in and out of Australia Numerous airplanes operate in Australia and the discussed below are some of the airlines that have licences that have been issued by Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Aeropelican Air Services Aircruising Australia Airlines of Tasmania Airnorth Alliance Airlines Brindabella Airlines Eastern Australia Airlines Express Freioghters Australia Heavylift Cargo Airlines Hinterland Aviation Inlad Pacific Air JetGo Australia Jetstar Airways King Island Airlines Maroomba Airlines National Jet Systems Network Aviation Perl Aviation Pel-Air Qantas Regional Express Airlines Rossair SEAIR Pacific Sharp Airlines Skippers Aviation Skytraders Skywest Airlines Sunstate Airlines Tasman Cargo Airlines Tasmanian Air Adventures Tiger Airways Australia Toll Aviation Virgin Australia The following are some of the airlines that are not licensed in Australia but operate international flights into and out of Australia. These airlines include (The Australian Travel Resource, 2013): Aegean Airlines Aerolineas Argentinas Air Canada Air China Air New Zealand Air Niugini Air North Air Pacific Air Rarotonga Air Tahiti Nui Asiana Airlines Austrian Airlines Cathay Pacific China Airlines China Eastern Continental Delta Airlines Emirates Eva Air Garuda Indonesia Gulf Air Hawaiian Airlines Kenya Airways KLM Kuwait Airways LAN Airlines Lufthansa Malaysian Airlines Olympic Airlines Pacific Blue Philippine Airlines Qantas Airways Royal Brunei Airlines SAS Scandinavian Airlines Singapore Airlines Tiger Airways Thai Airways International United Airlines Compare configuration and carrying capacity of different types of aircraft Air cargo services are commonly grouped based on the operations and include all cargo carriers, Belly Carriers and Express Delivery companies (Achard, 2010). All Cargo Airlines are those airplanes that are dedicated to carrying of cargo. Some of the airlines in this category include Cargolux, Singapore Airlines Cargo and Lufthansa Cargo Belly carriers – these are those airlines that carry both people and cargo. The cargo is stored in the hold of these passenger planes. Some examples include Cathay Pacific, Air France KLM and Korea Air Express delivery carries are aimed at ensuring packages and freight are delivered within a specified time period. Comparison of different types of shipping services The shipping industry provides numerous services that are based on the demand and requirements of consumers and also based on legal jurisdictions. Some of the services offered include: Liner service – these arte those ships that usually have predefined schedules and outs. This means such services are commonly utilised by those consumers who have small cargo or volumes in which it is not viable to acquire services of charter. Some of the goods transported utilising this method include gadgets, electronic goods and toys. Tramp services – this type of service is based on on-demand or on-call service ships. These services are availed to those consumers who have large cargo volumes such as crude oil, chemical or food. Charter ships – this are similar to tramp ships but they are commonly utilised by persons with the aim of tourist or leisure activities. Some of services offered by charter ships can be classified as time charter, trip charter single voyage charter or bareboat charter Others include conference lines, NVOCCs, non-conference lines, scheduled services, lless than container load and full container load Comparison of configurations and carrying capacities of different types of ocean vessels Ocean vessels carry different cargo types and the weight is commonly referred to as deadweight tonnage. In other scenarios, an ocean vessel can be classified in terms of width and length. Some of the common classifications and configurations of ocean vessels include (American Institute of Marine Underwriters Technical Services Committee, 2010): General cargo ships – these are the traditional ships that were utilised during containerisation. Nowadays, technology has made such method obsolete resulting inn specialised cargo ships Bulk carriers – these are utilised in carrying loose cargo such as grain. Coal and phosphates. These vessels come in different configurations because of the type and amount of cargo. Ro-Ro – these are the ships that are utilise in carrying motor vehicles Reefer – these ships carry frozen cargo and the system is attached to the electrical system of the ship Tanker – these ships carry liquid products such as petroleum products Others include cellular containers ships, conventional, combination and other special purpose ships. References Achard, P. 2010. The regulation of international air cargo services. Available at http://www.gem.sciences-po.fr/content/research_topics/trade/RITS/Achard_Regulation_of_International_Air_Cargo_Services062009.pdf American Institute of Marine Underwriters Technical Services Committee. 2010. On deck stowage of containers. Available at http://www.aimuedu.org/aimupapers/OnDeck.pdf The Australian Travel Resources. 2013. International airlines in Australia. Available http://www.ozflightsguide.com.au/international_airlines_in_australia.php Element 3: Evaluate packing, marking and stowage requirements for a variety of cargo Good cargo packaging is an important thing for safe delivery of any goods. According to rules regarding cargo for shipping, cargo needs to be always safely packaged in a box, crate, carton or other protective containers. This gives the goods protection against breakage and also gives the goods a good outlook for presentation purposes. There are three different types of cargo. These include; fragile, non-fragile and crate or pallet goods. All these have different packaging requirements. This includes pelleting or crating according to the best method to be used. Fragile and non-breakable items in this case, need to be packed in sturdy new boxes and containers. If the items are liquid in nature and can spill during the transportation, then there is need to put them in polythene bags before putting them inside the boxes. One is then to make sure that he uses foam pillows, or any interior padding to fill gaps inside the box. This prevents movement of goods during transit which can cause breakage. The box or container is also not supposed to be over stacked. This can lead to breakage of the top cargo inside the box. The top is supposed to be filled with the packaging padding. Breakable goods on the other side need to be wrapped individually using padding material before being put snugly inside a box. The box is then to be put in another larger box and also covered with padding material. The boxes are then to be wrapped with a string tape and labelled. This ensures that the boxes do not open accidentally during transit and also ensures that it can easily be identified by the owners. For preservation purposes, the boxes are then to be put on pellets so as to avoid contact with water or cold surface. After the boxes have been put on the pallets, they are to be wrapped using a strong plastic film that will hold them together. They are then supposed to be wrapped using a roll of wrapping material. This is to make the pallet together with the boxes to look like a single unit. This helps to make the package to be presentable. In the cargo transportation industry, there are a number of containers that are used to pack goods. This may include such things as pallet box, wood crate, enclosed crate, specialized crates and freight container. In addition to this, there can be smaller boxes that can be used to pack separate goods at the port. This can be used to pack glass materials, drugs and medicine and also fine art work. The bigger containers can then be used to package the individual packages having the different separate packages. Finally, all these packaged containers are put in the freight container. These are normally big containers with allowances for the cranes to handle them during loading and offloading. Proper labelling of cargo is an essential thing in packaging. This ensures that the cargo is delivered to the rightful owner of the cargo at the offloading port. It also ensures that the package is packaged together with like gods to avoid instances of contamination or mixing. Packing rules at the port show that every box packaged needs to have a label. The label must show the type of cargo contained in the box, the consignee’s complete address and the shippers completed address. This ensures that the boxes are tracked even if they are separated into different freight containers. Additional information such as the bill of lading number, the carrier pro number, the shippers and consignee’s phone numbers and the date of shipment are also important. The labels as put on the containers should be clear and easy to read and most preferable printed versions. The label should also be put on the top surface of the boxes. Packaging of goods for shipping purposes has a number of risks that accompany it. This can include such things as breakage of the goods during transit. The whole container having the goods can also break or get crushed if at all it was carrying chemicals which were not well packaged. Such chemicals can also cause the container to burn or to crush such that it destroys al, the other goods packaged together. In addition to such things, the goods packaged together can also spill if not well packaged such that they cause the other goods to spoil or get contaminated. Such things as drugs and food substances need accurate packaging to avoid such kinds of things. Another risk of poor packaging is the loss of the cargo. This is normally due to poor labelling of the destination port and the owner. In conclusion, the packaging process for any freight goods is an important step that should be done with a lot of keenness. This is seen to be very beneficial in preventing calamities and loses during the transportation. It is also important as it avoids confusion and misunderstandings at the port of offloading. Reference Australian Government. 2012. BSBINT409B Plan for international trade. Available at http://training.gov.au/TrainingComponentFiles/BSB07/BSBINT409B_R1.pdf United Parcel Service of America. 2005. Air Freight packaging pointers. Available at http://www.ups-scs.com/tools/packaging_pointers.pdf Utair. 2013. Part 5: Transportation of cargo. Available at http://www.utair.ru/en/info/perevozka/rules/part5/230827.html Element 4: Calculate International Freight and Other Shipment Costs (Sea) Calculate and compare costs of shipping a variety of goods by the several types of ocean service The following are examples of calculations obtained from American Multimodal International Deliveries online services (AMID Logistics, LLC). The following tables illustrates the calculations for 20’ standard, 40’ standard and 40’ high cube calculation for transporting dry salted lamb skins from Dixon California, USA to Novorossiysk, Russia (Fedex Express, 2013). Commodity Dry salted lamb skins Ship from Dixon California, USA Ship to Novorossiysk, Russia Basis Door to Port Carrier OOCL Transits 35 days Ocean Freight Rates 20' Standard USD 4050 40' Standard USD 5150 40' High Cube USD 5150 The following table illustrates sea freight rates that are based on the principle of RO-RO method of midsize cars (of size 11.33 cbm – 17 cbm) from United States of America to some ports across the world Origin Destination Cost ($) New York Zeebrugge, Belgium 878 Los Angeles Zeebrugge, Belgium 1,215 New York Hamburg, Germany 878 New York, NY Ashdod, Israel 900 New York, NY Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire $ 1,650 New York, NY Abu Dhabi, UAE 1,299 New York, NY Mombasa, Kenya 1,578 The cost of shipping is dependent on the distance, the type of goods and the container in which the goods are placed. Moreover, the port in which the goods are transported also brings into consideration the capacity of the port and nature of the goods. Calculate International Freight and Other Shipment Costs (Air) Calculate and compare costs of shipping a variety of goods by different air cargo services Numerous factors are associated with estimating and calculating the cost of goods. Some of the factors include operation and maintenance costs (Slideshare, 2013). Other costs included in costing include cost of fuel, airport charges, type and amount of goods and the distance to be covered. Extraordinary and standard ancillary shipment costs The standard and extraordinary ancillary shipment costs include inland haulage, custom clearances, document and handling fees, port charges, permits, break bulk fees, consular, insurance costs, demurrage, storage fees, perishable costs, dangerous goods, booking time slot, parcel post and carnage and oversize considerations. References Slideshare. 2013. How to calculate freight shipping rates? Available at http://www.slideshare.net/limcologistics123/how-to-calculate-freight-shipping-rates Fedex Express. 2013. Fees and other shipping information. Available at http://www.fedex.com/us/services/pdf/Fees_Shipping_Information.pdf United Parcel Services of America. 2013. Calculate time and cost. Available at https://wwwapps.ups.com/ctc/request?loc=en_US AMID Logistics, LLC. (2013). International sea freight. Available at http://ro-ro.internationalshippingusa.com/Home.aspx Read More