Productive Partnerships in Agriculture Project in New Guinea - Report Example

Heading: Equity / distribution of impacts amongst stakeholders Your name: Course name: Professors’ name: Date Introduction The report seeks to review on issues concerning the impact of implementing Productive Partnerships in Agriculture Project (PPAP) in the Papua New Guinea. In order to do this, the paper considers whether the EIS analysis scope is suitable; the arguments applied in the justification of the proposal are appropriate; and whether methodology used in the assessment of the impacts are sound to the stakeholders. EIS analysis According to the statement, the integrated management plan (IPMP) offers a framework that ensures that the Productive Partnerships in Agriculture Project (PPAP) facilitates the environmentally suitable pest control measures (PPAP 2010, p. 12). The project is implemented by the Coffee Industry Corporation (CIC) Limited and the Papua New Guinea Cocoa Board, and it is (IDA) (PPAP 2010, p. 12).The EIS statement is also appropriate in that it provides the project’s overview. Here, the statement asserts that the PPAP is among the government’s projects that contribute towards the attainment of the PNG and National Agricultural Development Plan (NADP). It is also charged with a role of complementing other government initiatives and activities aided by other developmental partners (Gao, Rao, & Zhou, 2001, pp. 17-30). According to the EIS analysis, the project’s major focus is on the cocoa and coffee, and addresses the challenges that are faced by the cocoa and coffee industries. In the industries, they provide continued and foreseeable aid required in the implementation of the structural changes essential to enhance their sustainability and performance, and the maintenance of the competitiveness in the international market through strengthening main institutions and improvement of the delivery of support infrastructure and services for smallholders (PPAP 2010, p.12). Additionally, the statement asserts that development of the project entails the improvement of the sustainability and performance of value chains in coffee- and cocoa- producing areas (Jarvis, Klemick & Guarino, 2011, pp. 45-50). The statement says that this would be attained by strengthening institutions and industry, strengthening and expanding connections between the agribusiness and smallholder farmers for the provision of services and technologies, and by providing vital market entrance infrastructure (PPAP 2010, p. 12). Moreover, the major results of the proposed project include smallholder farmers implement proficient sustainable and responsive production practices that lead to an enhancement of their income. Secondly, the project is likely to develop and uphold demand-driven productive partnerships; and it will tackle foremost infrastructure bottlenecks in the projected value chains (PPAP 2010, p. 12). According to Jarvis, Klemick and Guarino (2011, pp. 45-50), some of the project’s components industry coordination and institutional strengthening, market access infrastructure, and productive partnerships. Industry coordination and institutional strengthening component of the project is meant to enhance the performance of the sector’s institution and improve coordination in the cocoa and coffee industry. There would also be consolidation of every stakeholder platforms in order to handle long-term and short-term issues that include skills development, governance, and enhancement of extension services, quality promotion, crop diversification, market development and information in the industry (Jarvis, Klemick & Guarino, 2011, pp. 45-50). The component also has sub-components that include policy development and industry coordination; sustainability and quality management; information and communication management systems; evaluation, monitoring, and project management (Donada 2002, pp. 14-17). The statement is also appropriate in that it has productive partnerships component that is aimed at increasing the integration among smallholder farmers in the presentation and performance payment value chains, by executing and developing productive alliances that exist between the personal sector and smallholders in the place (PPAP 2010, p. 12). Its sub-components entail productive partnerships in the coffee planting areas and those in which cocoa is grown (PPAP 2010, p. 163). In terms of the market access component, the statement indicates that is likely to be an improvement in the smallholders’ market access. This is because the project will aid in the development of market infrastructure that would ensure maximum access. Its components include the development of market access infrastructure and market access infrastructural investments preparations (PPAP 2010, p. 164). In terms of the market access component, the statement indicates that is likely to be an improvement in the smallholders’ market access. This is because the project will aid in the development of market infrastructure that would ensure maximum access. Its components include the development of market access infrastructure and market access infrastructural investments preparations (PPAP 2010, p. 163). Furthermore, the EIS statement addresses the project’s geographical coverage. Here, it indicates that the project would be executed in the East New Britain Province, Eastern Highlands, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Simbu and Jiwaka provinces (PPAP 2010, p. 113). According to the statement, most of the main stakeholders and producers in private and public sectors are all situated in the provinces, and most provinces innovations come from the provinces. There is also a rural household reliance on cocoa and coffee is a high (Gibson 2000, pp. 377-380). Additionally, the statement also addresses the issue of targeting of the proposed project. Here, the project targets the disadvantaged groups that are considered in the prioritization and selection of the project’s investments. Moreover, the statement says that the project will ensure that there is an extra support offered under the second component so as to ensure that the lower groups that have lower capacity are involved in project activities (Kok, Metz, Verhagen, & Rooijen, 2008, pp. 13-17). The project also provides specific considerations to partnerships with smallholders in marginalized areas and partnerships that mobilize vulnerable groups. In addition, the statement asserts that there is a high consideration of gender balance in activities, such as, employment opportunities and training of women and men (PPAP 2010, p. 15). The effectiveness of the EIS statement is also demonstrated by the fact that it addresses the legislation, international agreements, and codes of practice, policies and regulations involved in the execution of the project (Teisman & Klijn 2002, pp. 12-18). Impacts of the project The EIS analysis has used appropriate methods in the assessment of the negative and positive effects of the projects. Some of these methods include description, and questionnaires. These methods are suitable in that they give the respondents a chance to freely express their opinions on the project. The Productive Partnerships in Agriculture Project (PPAP) is influential in that they have both positive and negative effects on the cocoa and coffee growing communities (Batie 2003, pp. 13-18). Positive impacts Positive impacts of the project include productive partnerships development; capacity strengthening; enhanced access to markets; and enhanced access to the financial services. These benefits are brought out in the EIS statement in terms of the components. To start with, the project will ensure that there is an improved development of the productive partnerships. This benefit is widely distributed among the stakeholders in the growing areas (Austin 2004, pp. 12-17). This implies that the project is beneficial in further development of the productive partnerships in New Guinea. In terms of the cocoa sector, the project will enhance the management activities that support Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB) control that include training on appropriate farming systems (Faith, Margules, Walker, Stein, & Natera 2001, pp. 289-303). To ensure that these activities include training of the farmers on the issues of IPM that help in the management of CPD in the cocoa block. Additionally, the project will help in the provision of enhanced planting materials that are supplied to the farmers in the replacement of old or affected trees. Here, the project intends to supply cocoa seedlings that are essential in the substitution of the CPB affected trees in provinces (PPAP 2010, p. 154). In addition, Austin (2004, pp. 2-17) maintains that the project supports and promotes rotational planting and the upgrading of cocoa garden, and market diversification in farming system (PPAP 2010, p. 155). Here, the project ensures that tools, planting materials are provided. It also ensures that there is adequate training so as to enhance cocoa gardens, rehabilitation of old trees as well as harvesting of the plants. The project is also beneficial in that it will ensure that quality cocoa is adopted through the processing and post harvesting technologies (PPAP 2010, p. 14). In this case, Eagle (2011, pp. 13-18) shows that the project is likely to enhance air dried and smoke free cocoa delivery in order to produce high quality cocoa through the replacement of defective kiln pipes in the fermenters and improved removal of cocoa sludge (PPAP 2010, p. 15). In terms of the coffee sector, there is likelihood that the differentiated coffees expansion will be facilitated by the project, such as, Fair Trade, and certified and organically grown among others that aid in the sustainability practices (Lasage, Jones & Edwards 2006, pp. 109–115). In this case, the project will encourage more farmers’ groups that are instrumental in the joining up with differentiated coffee practice in specific areas. Besides, the project will facilitate the production of enhanced planting material garden rejuvenation and replanting as well as market diversification in the areas. Moreover, the proposed project ensures that quality coffee is adopted through the processing and post harvesting technologies. Here, through a waste water management project, quality of water is maintained. Additionally, the project will provide grants that are influential in the adoption of the low environmental effect technologies (Limb 2010, pp. 23-27). Another positive impact of the project is the development of the market access infrastructure. This means that the project will upgrade feeder roads within the project area. Moreover, Singh (2005, pp. 13-19) says that there will be upgrading and rehabilitation of existing roads all-weather standards so as to improve enhance market access. Another benefit involves upgrading of wharves, paths and jetties ensure that transportations of cocoa and coffee to be delivered to the market. This is vital because the delivery of cocoa from ARB needs potential areas in which ships can service jetties and wharfs and linking tracks require upgrading (PPAP 2010, p. 143). More so, jetties level will require evaluation in order to establish the crucial capability and weight that is significant in the cocoa bags containment (PPAP 2010, p. 143). Negative effects To start with, there is a possibility that the pesticides and herbicides used in the cocoa and coffee plantations will cause harmful effects on the community. There is a high probability that pesticides and herbicides are channeled into the rivers and waterways if the plantations are in a close proximity with residential areas (Venables 2006, pp. 12-17). As a result, people living in these areas are likely to suffer negative effects due to the harmful effects of the chemicals. This is also because the farmers will be tempted to apply large amounts of agrochemicals so as to maximize their yields (Mcneely 2003, pp. 12-17). Therefore, it is critical that the project implementers devise ways of assessing and controlling of the harmful chemicals so as to maximize its benefits. In addition, another possible social negative effect of the project on the community is the encroachment to the protected areas. According to Meerwarth, Briody and Kulkarni (2005, pp. 34-37), some of the significant habitats in Simbu and Western Highlands include Mt. Wilhelm National Reserve and Jimi Valley National Park. These provinces are situated at high priority places because they are of national importance in the region. Jimi Valley National Park is a representation of a rich valley fauna and flora and is pointed out in the Conservation Needs Assessment of Papua New Guinea (Faith, Margules, Walker, Stein, & Natera 2001, pp. 289-303). With these facts, it is probable that the PPAP activities can encroach into the protected areas. Therefore, it is imperative that the project implementers ensure that there adhere strictly to the provided guidelines so as to enhance the protection of these critical areas. Further, on the issue of protected areas, the project is said to affect the migratory routes of birds and mammals; soil instability and the aesthetic attractiveness of the environment (Austin 2004, pp. 2-17). In addition, the project will cause land loss by many inhabitants because of involuntary resettlement as well as pollution during the operations and construction activities in the process. Proposal soundness According to the statement, the arguments used in the justification of the proposal are appropriate in that they clearly express benefits of the project. The statement indicates the proposal is beneficial in that it enhances the development of market access infrastructure and productive partnerships. Besides, the proposal also applies appropriate arguments in addressing the negative impacts of the proposal (Donada 2002, pp. 14-17). For instance, the proposal may affect soil stability, river ecology, settlement, health and may cause pollution due to operation and construction noise. The soundness of the proposal is also evident in the statement of policies, regulations, standards and legislation that governs the effective implementation of the proposal. Moreover, the project has provided a description of the project and its equitable distribution of benefits to all the stakeholders (PPAP 2010, pp. 112-113) Conclusion The EIS statement is influential in that it has used an appropriate focus on the impacts of the project; suitable methods of assessing these effects; as well as sound arguments in the justification of proposal. According to the statement, some of the positive effects of the project include the enhancement of the productive partnerships, capacity building, and advancement of financial services and development of market access infrastructure. On the other hand, the proposal’s negative effects include loss of land, soil instability, river ecology, and inappropriate disposal of harmful agrochemicals in the streams and waterways. Moreover, the statement has employed the questionnaire and description methods in the assessment of the aforementioned impacts of the project. References Austin, DE 2004, ‘Partnerships, Not Projects! Improving the Environment through Collaborative Research and Action’, Human Organization, vol. 63, no.3, pp. 12-17. Batie, SS 2003, ‘The Multifunctional Attributes of Northeastern Agriculture: a Research Agenda’, Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 10-20. Gibson, J, 2000, ‘The Papua New Guinea Household Survey’, The Australian Economic Review, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 377–380. Eagle, SJ 2011, ‘Public Use in the Dirigiste Tradition: Private and Public Benefit in an Era of Agglomeration’, Fordham Urban Law Journal, vol. 38, no.6, pp. 13-18. Faith, DP, Margules, CR. Walker, PA, Stein, J & Natera, G 2001, ‘Practical application of biodiversity surrogates and percentage targets for conservation in Papua New Guinea’, Pacific Conservation Biology, vol, 6, no. 1, pp. 289-303 http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:gI6252XEPToJ:scholar.google.com/+Conservation+Needs+Assessment+of+Papua+New+Guinea&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 Jarvis, DI, Klemick, M H & Guarino, L 2011, Growth and productivity in agriculture and agribusiness: evaluative lessons from World Bank Group experience, World Bank, Washington, D.C. pp. 45-50. Gao, W, Rao, R & V, Zhou, M 2001, Plant genetic resources conservation and use in China : proceedings of National Workshop on Conservation and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources, 25-27 October 1999, Beijing, China = Zhongguo zhi wu yi zhuan zi yuan bao cun yu li yong, IPGRI Office for East Asia, Beijing. pp. 17-30. Kok, M, Metz, B, Verhagen, J & Rooijen, SV 2008, ‘Integrating Development and Climate Policies: National and International Benefits’, Climate Policy, vol. 8, no.3, pp. 13-17. Limb, P, 2010, ‘Library-to-library and Librarian-academic Partnerships: the University of Malawi, the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and Michigan State University1’, African Research & Documentation, 2010, vol. 3, no.4, pp. 23-27. LaSage, DM, Jones, A & Edwards, T 2006, ‘The Muddy Creek project: Evolution of a field-based research and learning collaborative’, Journal of Geoscience Education, vol.53, 2, no. pp. 109–115. Mcneely, JA 2003, ‘The Nature of Biodiversity Protection’, Nomadic Peoples, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 12-18. Meerwarth, TL, Briody, EK & Kulkarni, DM 2005, ‘Discovering the Rules: Folk Knowledge for Improving GM Partnerships’, Human Organization, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 34-37. Productive Partnerships in Agriculture Project (PPAP), 2010, ‘Environment Assessment’, The Government Of Papua New Guinea Environment Impact Statement, vol 1, no. 1, pp. 12-161. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/06/18/000334955_20100618074114/Rendered/INDEX/E23110v40EA0P1109 Singh, S 2005, ‘Role of the State in Contract Farming in Thailand: Experience and Lessons’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, vol. 22, no.5, pp. 13-19. Teisman, GR & Klijn, E 2002, ‘Partnership Arrangements: Governmental Rhetoric or Governance Scheme?’ Public Administration Review, vol. 62, no.5, pp. 12-18. Venables, AJ 2006, ‘Shifts in Economic Geography and Their Causes’, Economic Review - Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 91, no. 3, pp, 12-17. Read More

There would also be consolidation of every stakeholder platforms in order to handle long-term and short-term issues that include skills development, governance, and enhancement of extension services, quality promotion, crop diversification, market development and information in the industry (Jarvis, Klemick & Guarino, 2011, pp. 45-50). The component also has sub-components that include policy development and industry coordination; sustainability and quality management; information and communication management systems; evaluation, monitoring, and project management (Donada 2002, pp. 14-17). The statement is also appropriate in that it has productive partnerships component that is aimed at increasing the integration among smallholder farmers in the presentation and performance payment value chains, by executing and developing productive alliances that exist between the personal sector and smallholders in the place (PPAP 2010, p. 12). Its sub-components entail productive partnerships in the coffee planting areas and those in which cocoa is grown (PPAP 2010, p. 163). In terms of the market access component, the statement indicates that is likely to be an improvement in the smallholders’ market access.

This is because the project will aid in the development of market infrastructure that would ensure maximum access. Its components include the development of market access infrastructure and market access infrastructural investments preparations (PPAP 2010, p. 164). In terms of the market access component, the statement indicates that is likely to be an improvement in the smallholders’ market access. This is because the project will aid in the development of market infrastructure that would ensure maximum access.

Its components include the development of market access infrastructure and market access infrastructural investments preparations (PPAP 2010, p. 163). Furthermore, the EIS statement addresses the project’s geographical coverage. Here, it indicates that the project would be executed in the East New Britain Province, Eastern Highlands, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Simbu and Jiwaka provinces (PPAP 2010, p. 113). According to the statement, most of the main stakeholders and producers in private and public sectors are all situated in the provinces, and most provinces innovations come from the provinces.

There is also a rural household reliance on cocoa and coffee is a high (Gibson 2000, pp. 377-380). Additionally, the statement also addresses the issue of targeting of the proposed project. Here, the project targets the disadvantaged groups that are considered in the prioritization and selection of the project’s investments. Moreover, the statement says that the project will ensure that there is an extra support offered under the second component so as to ensure that the lower groups that have lower capacity are involved in project activities (Kok, Metz, Verhagen, & Rooijen, 2008, pp. 13-17). The project also provides specific considerations to partnerships with smallholders in marginalized areas and partnerships that mobilize vulnerable groups.

In addition, the statement asserts that there is a high consideration of gender balance in activities, such as, employment opportunities and training of women and men (PPAP 2010, p. 15). The effectiveness of the EIS statement is also demonstrated by the fact that it addresses the legislation, international agreements, and codes of practice, policies and regulations involved in the execution of the project (Teisman & Klijn 2002, pp. 12-18). Impacts of the project The EIS analysis has used appropriate methods in the assessment of the negative and positive effects of the projects.

Some of these methods include description, and questionnaires. These methods are suitable in that they give the respondents a chance to freely express their opinions on the project. The Productive Partnerships in Agriculture Project (PPAP) is influential in that they have both positive and negative effects on the cocoa and coffee growing communities (Batie 2003, pp. 13-18).

Read More