Philosophy Essays

In the textbooks of various disciplines of science, the history of science was described mainly as a linear development with gradual accumulation of knowledge about the universe. The current state of affairs in science is presented as a culmination of this development.

Confucius was astounded on the idea that how people believed in an afterlife, heaven, and day of judgment, but still ignores the magnitude of prudence and relationship needed among fellowmen.  Thus, he claims that people who do not have the ability to adapt to the right path even after confirmation, then they are better off praying to ancestors who cannot do anything for themself now.

There are many different perspectives on poverty. The two that will be discussed in the paper are that of Bill Gates and that of Thomas Pogge. It is very interesting to study the perspective of Bill Gates on poverty. He has emerged as a very successful person in the field of business and technology and now his success as a social responsibility champion has made him a figure to be considered for his views on poverty.

In conclusion, both Taoism and Confucianism have been in China for a long time and have influenced the lives of people not only in China but the world as large. As such, despite the disagreements that the two have, they have served as a guide in the way of life of the different people that ascribe to them.

Theism is the view that God is beyond the world. He created the world, and he is infinite. God acts in this world as a supernatural being, and he does what he chooses. God is beyond the universe and in the universe. Theism is represented by ancient Islam, Judaism, and Christianity (Clement, 15-20). 

This was after President Bush gave Saddam an ultimatum of 24 hours to leave the country or face the full military conflict. In 2002, when the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1441 giving Iraq the final opportunity to comply with the disarmament obligations or face full consequences, the U.S. military buildup was intensified at the Persian Gulf.

Sciences, whether pure such as in Chemistry and Botany or descriptive, such as those studying human behaviours and societal development are experiencing the largest intake of students and scholars ever experienced in time. In this research, philosophy has come to play a very critical role in the understanding of human life. It finds its applicability from simple life questions.

Philosophy is a complex term and also a concept complicated in nature for explaining, understanding and conceiving. Some of the philosophical ideas are determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism. These are certain concepts which are largely connected to human lives and the way they contemplate life.

Moreover, her actions when applied in the real world would lead to the chaos which is not justified by Kant’s theory. The theories of these philosophers in most cases contradict each other as seen in the first example of Dorothea and Casaubon. Meanwhile, in the second example, they contradict each other except for Mill and Aristotle’s theories which to some extent justify the actions of Catherine.  

The research philosophy explains the collection of data, the implementation of analysis and tests and finally the type of analysis. Interpretivism extends the philosophy of research and state that the reality of any matter or research can only be described by conducting thorough analysis which requires subjective interpretation of the researcher.

What Is Buddhism? Is It A Philosophy Or Religion? In the modern society, Buddhism is seen as a religion and more so as a way of life that is characterised by following the teachings of Buddha. With its origins in ancient India, Buddhism spread throughout Asia and is practiced the world over.

Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Bartleby the Scrivener' by Melville Introduction Bartleby, the Scrivener" is a story about the physical and mental degeneration of a man, an alienation of an individual from his own humanity (Bergmann, 2). From this description, it is very clear that everybody gives special attention to time because it is non-refundable.

According to the findings of this research, it is evident that knowledge has a foundation. However, it is how different individuals acquire knowledge determines the authenticity of the knowledge. Basically, knowledge comprises of beliefs and truth. The ability of individuals to acquire knowledge is based on what those individuals believe or what they know.

A good society must not threat it’s inhabitant in any way and should enable them to live in harmony with each other. A good society must also give opportunity to its members to flourish and develop personally and professionally. They should be provided with a healthy environment to sustain and should be given freedom to participate in political processes.

Rene Descartes who lived from 1596 till 1650 was the French physiologist, philosopher and mathematician. He was the first one to initiate the debate about the mind’s and the body’s interaction with each other. Descartes proposed that human mind is a non-bodily entity, so it can work independent of the body.

Referring to it as the principle of utility, Mill believes that the highest normative principle is that actions are moral as they tend to promote happiness and immoral as they tend to produce sadness or dissatisfaction. Although Mill was a utilitarian, he argued that not all forms of pleasure are of equal value, using his famous saying "It is better to be Socrates dissatisfied, than a fool satisfied." In this regard, John Stuart Mill rejects the classical virtue theory.

Critics and some philosophers have continually written and stated that only human being species have rights and know what is right or wrong. In his paper ‘The Case for Animal Rights’, Tom Reagan has been able to evaluate the arguments for the lack of need for animal rights and to theoretically criticize these views.

Most philosophers have linked the definition of emotions to the master-slave metaphor.  Currently, the metaphor exhibits two features that verify the philosophical perspectives of emotions. Aristotle and other Athenians assert that emotions play an inferior role, that emotion is primitive, less intelligent, inhuman, and riskier than reason.   

According to the paper morality is one of the main philosophical issues that Immanuel Kant covered in his extensive coverage of various philosophical subjects. In his work ‘The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals’, Kant asserts that only certain features make something or someone to be considered right or moral. 

The importance of Socrates’s dialogues represent that branch of philosophy that recognizes the universal aspect of philosophy and while the universality of any tenet may have been in dispute for quite a while now, the effect of Socrates’s views on modern philosophy cannot be disputed.

This essay attempts to explain Paley’s arguments regarding the examination of the watch. The discovery of the watch may seemingly be an innocent and simple activity, but Paley gets one to think much deeper than the surface. Section 1 Paley mainly argues that although we invest all our time and effort in scrutinizing life’s mysteries, we will never fully comprehend everything, and that there is still a bit of truth or more that will be kept hidden from us due to our human limitations.

Two of the most powerful theories that have affected and are still affecting how people shape their mindset, goals, and life would be Universalist and Impartialist theories. Universalism is a theory that hinges on a central belief that all people are saved.

Descartes work was centered on the issues that challenge one’s ability to be certain about something. His path to establish certainty begins a state of doubt. It is this doubt that prompts him to choose to demolish all the knowledge he had in the past (Descartes 87). He will then start afresh through testing the validity of things.

The author states that from the Christian philosophical perspective, self interest aspect is viewed as self love or duty to self or saving one’s soul or other aspects but this does not necessarily mean that people should refuse to share with others. Sharing is one way of fulfilling self interest since it can help in saving other people.

Rousseau’s general will advocates for what is good for the whole community and not just the people who are concerned. Mill’s greatest happiness principle advocates that people are not obliged to consider their actions with respect to the benefit of all. People should only bear in mind those persons who are affected and leave out the rest.

For a profit-making organization, the main aim is to earn a profit (Tribe, 2011). The trade-off position between profit and ethical values is referred to as short-run profit (Kirton, 2004). This kind of profitability cannot sustain for long. Besides, long-run profit is mainly dependent on ethical behavior, which brings the company’s goodwill among its stakeholders.

First, I will consider Graff's compelling argument for same-sex marriage by asking what marriage is for. Next, I will consider an objection to that argument, and finally, I will argue that Graff's original argument is immune to society’s objection. It is true that same-sex couples are becoming the legal part of our society.

The basic elements of utilitarianism, run as follows: it is supposed that the goal of all individuals is the fulfillment of their own particular happiness. Second, an ideal society would be one where all individuals are allowed to pursue their own happiness so long as this does not infringe or impede the happiness of others – or, the pursuit of happiness by others.

We realize several things depending on the argument raised by the philosophers, some of which were of great interest.Richard Taylor (19 ) describes the meaning of life as a regard to what one is willing to pursue.

A society can be measured in various ways. One which is most commonly used is the quality; it mainly describes the value of a society. In order to identify the skills and knowledge of leader it is essential to know qualities of a person. So, society and leaders can be measured on same parameters.

To understand the development of his concept of morality, one must first look into why he was nihilistic to declare that God died because he was killed by men. Nietzsche believed that the age of nihilism was coming due to Western civilization and thought being too focused on the ideology of the Christian church.

An action is therefore originated if it is within the control of agent it does not have to be an agent of certain causal gents. Incompatibilists argue that one aspect of fundamental propositions that there is one common one idea, which is a free action of which an agent may be held morally responsible.

Socrates suggests that Euthyphro should be his teacher not he thinks he will anything from him but to use him as a scapegoat in his trial so that should he be found of any wrong doing, he insist that he learnt from Euthyphro. Euthyphro quickly accepts not knowing the intentions of Socrates (Plato 22).

How James distinguishes between human emotions and their religious forms Interestingly. William’s “circumscription of the topic” is not focusing on creating an outline for the subject rather it opens the minds of natural theology students to the vastness of the subject and disadvantageous of attempting to define it.

Take for instance the search for HIV drugs; people spend hours upon hours in the laboratory to fathom the spectacular nature of the virus so that for the last time medication can be in place to help eradicate the disease that threatens the world population. It will be unfair to believe a statement that has not been tested anywhere.

Other than Thomson, Mary Ann Warren also contributed on the liberal position. Warren analyzed the personhood concepts concerning abortion.  In her argument, she commented that if a fetus is a person, then there are varied instances that abortion should never be permitted. However, the entire consideration will depend on what is considered a person.

People, who are addicted of information, find it very difficult to stay away from information seeking through different sources which are traditionally available. The information is a phenomenon which is better described as structured knowledge. If we are asked to explain the meaning of information then it is clearly indicated that information is always meaningful.

Hegelian Autonomy research paper Author Institution Instructor Date Hegelian Autonomy Hegel has provided an interesting stand on morality and ethics in human autonomy. The philosophical work of Hegel on rights is a good perspective from which philosophic writers, researchers and students determine the appropriateness of morality and ethics in human autonomy.

 Thoreau's criticism of the socialized approach to life experiences is based on the social-cultural/traditional myths that promulgate societal inequalities such as myths. Despite the plausibility/truthfulness of this assertion, plunging into life blindly without socialized or inherent instincts is a risky endeavor.

In the dialogue, Socrates suggests that human excellence amounts to the possession of wisdom. To explain this further, he gave his idea of wisdom. Wisdom may be in the form of enlightenment as depicted in the Allegory of Cave when the cave is left and the world outside of the cave is viewed from a whole different perspective and observe the world as it really is and not what has been imagined or envisioned.

Life is what you decide to make it. All the good experiences and bad experiences are responsible to make you the person you are today. So be grateful for it and try to explore more. Go out and make some mistakes, fall, cry…but once you make the mistake never repeat the same one again.

The virtual communities have become the remedies for individual isolations. The digital community tries to mimic the real community. The virtual community has been accused on lacking meaningful forms of individuality and sociability. These communities have set their own moral standards and are composed of people to adopt given characters.

Weakness of Will Power. Fear of Trying out New Things I have always lived a dull life and of solitude. Since I joined high school, there are not many new things and new people who I have added to my life even as new friends. This is something that I have noticed for some time now.

To Think or Not To Think: Socrates and the Meaning of Philosophy Instead of begging for his life through appeals to pity, Socrates tells the jury: “…whatever you do, know that I shall never alter my ways, not even if I have to die many times” (Plato, n.d., p.15).

A paradigm is described as a pattern or model, and a paradigm shift occurs when there are changes in the old paradigm, bringing in a new paradigm. Kuhn states that the evolution of paradigms in scientific disciplines occurs in patterns or cycles, beginning with a prescience period.

This research is aimed at elaboration of the famous doctrine of Ontological Argument in the light of the philosophies elaborated by the ancient early Christian scholar St. Anselm, eminent philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650), and his successor philosopher Nietzsche and at evaluation of Descartes’ hypothesis and its impact on the future philosophic theories.

In an era of rapid development of new information technologies information business is a very successful enterprise. Of course, only the competitive media can survive in the modern information market and make profit. This requires competent management, knowledge, technologies, and management principles of printing industry and professionalism of journalists.

Its easy to see why Backlar draws on the classic Greek trio of Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates: they were the fathers of modern logic and argument, and are credited with forming the concept of justice we know today; yet Backlar’s reliance on this logic causes her to draw faulty conclusions.

Nonetheless, Socrates was a well-known and contentious personality in ancient Greece. Socrates was a philosopher of ancient Greece who is acknowledged for establishing the basics of modern Western philosophy. Socrates has had a vast influence on ancient Greek or, generally, on Western philosophy, together with apprentices Plato and Aristotle.

Plato argues in many works that there is 'apriori' knowledge, and in the Phaedo he argues in particular that it was 'reincarnation' that is the cause of it. The notion of prior knowledge is further inferred to have come from a time before this life. In other words, it is an argument which goes further than merely defending a tradition philosophical position concerning the nature of ‘rationalism’, but that there is a further inference that this prior knowledge must have come to us at a time before the present existence – hence, immortality.