Finance & Accounting Essays

Outsourcing is a phenomenon that focuses on a strategy where some functions of an organisation are performed by an outside organisation purposely to shorten workloads and lower management and operational costs. Most multinational companies outsource their production and manufacturing activities, but these organisations are under constant pressure to control costs.

The report deals with the discussion and understandings related to the intangible assets of the companies. The first part reviews the significance of intangible assets in organizations and how it is assisting companies to maintain their position in the competitive environment.

Woodside has many successful projects such as the North West Shelf, Pluto LNG, etc., which have proved to be highly lucrative for the company. The biggest shareholder of the company is Shell, which has 24 percent of the shares of the company. Woodside has a sustainable financial health, and the stock prices of the company have been consistent since 2010; the major dip has been seen in 2009 because of the financial slowdown.

Name Surname Supervisor Subject Date Hedge Funds and Their Role in 2008 Financial Crisis Hedge funds are private investment funds that trade in stock market and formulate many strategies to earn absolute profits regardless of whether the market moves up or down.

Financial Growth According to the conventional theories of financial intermediation, the intimidation stands on the transaction cost and requires use of full information. They are considered to do work by taking deposits and issue the insurance policy, which is the method to provide finance to a company.

Notably, President Reagan’s forms on taxation formed the largest tax cut that has the United States’ historic income tax cut. However, he was never the first or the last president of America to initiate reforms in the United States (Steuerle, 2008). Apparently, all the united states presidents before and after him have initiated tax reform codes.

IASs 16 and 40 were adopted by IASB and have been through a number of amendments. These standards provide guidance on Property, Plant and Equipment and Investment Properties respectively. Ballance plc has carried out a number of a transactions during the year ended December 31, 2012, some of which are very technical and requires an understanding of both standards.

There are several changes that the government has proposed that will influence the cars belonging to the company as well as the private fuel used by both employees and employers. These changes aim at increasing further the tax charge on cars with high emissions of CO2. Back in 2002, the government introduced new reforms on company cars.

Management Accounting Practices are considered to be an important tool for an organization's management to promote both affectivity and productivity. Especially keeping into consideration the small enterprises, MAPs prove to be a vital information system for well-structured and well-defined information processing.

The report of an auditor is a thorough review of a third party of the financial position and bookkeeping practices of a company along preparations of different financial statements (Elliott 12). The financial statements include the statement of cash flow, income statement and a balance sheet.

The financials and weaknesses of a firm can hence be generated from financial analysis. There are various users of financial analysis statements: shareholders, managers, auditors, customers, donors, lenders, competitors, and managers, for specific reasons such as ascertaining prof the inability and financial position of a firm.

Tax compliance disclosures should also be made part of the corporate governance requirements. Just as large corporations are now proud to disclose their social responsibility projects and green initiatives relating to the environment, public sentiment should compel these companies to become proud of their tax compliance records as well.

Both legal and ethical regulations exist in the sector to ensure stability and protection of stakeholders’ interests. Securitization, another concept in the financial sector, defines the pooling together of debts and selling them to investors who then earn interest from the debt’s proceeds and is an important concept towards provision of financial services.

Appraisal is done through assessment of data through assumptions and methodologies used when preparing a project. For instance, it involves the work flow, proposed financing, an assessment of the projects managerial aspects, cost estimating, finance validity, and how the project will be a benefit to society through factors like employment.

In Kaplan (390), the development of managerial accounting was rapid between 1850 and 1920 due to a rapid expansion of business, especially in the transport and textile industry. The pioneers of management accounting wanted to simplify the operations of the business and achieve a greater efficiency and profitability.

It started in the United States (U.S.) and rapidly spread to Europe, the United Kingdom (U.K.), Asia, and other economies around the world in late 2008 will have a broad impact, particularly in the short term. It is having strong consequences through the bank lending channel such as the banks of U.K. made significant losses on acquisitions of foreign institutions and on holding of asset-based securities.

Investment Analysis Report: Amazon versus eBay. Before making an investment recommendation, it is necessary to examine the stock performance of both businesses, gain insight into recent events occurring within the business model of both firms, consider an in-depth analysis of the financial position of the firms, and fully understand the company backgrounds and their products and services.

The sovereign states have significant strategic and economic considerations that inform the willingness to buy the treasury bills (Grabbe, 2006). Treasury bills are not purchased for their contribution and returns, but because they are the safest method for holding reserves. The investors are ready to accept less return for the protection of reserves.

Specifically, it seeks to: Compare the public and private health services and their impact on improved health outcomes among low and middle-income countries. Health outcomes would refer to mortality and morbidity rates in the countries covered. Determine the impact of private-public partnerships on disease endemic issues (drugs and treatment options) in low and middle-income countries.

The term ‘insider trading’ explains the different unethical practices in the field of the stock exchange. It is a process in which an associate may get involved in the illegal practices of insider trading for his/her own interest (The Indian Express Ltd, “The Evil of Insider Trading”). These types of practices are followed by way of having unauthorized access to the confidential information of a particular company.

Little Digger’s auditors may not use the system that gives the precise outcome to them, the result is mainly inherited by the risk factors as this system is applied to just a small section of the population as opposed to the whole population. This is prone to the misstatement that is said to be the inherent risk.

Comparison between Offered Services BARCLAYS provides a range of products and services to its customers which are Retail and business banking, Barclay card, Investment banking, corporate banking, Wealth and investment management (BARCLAYS, 2012, pp.16). HSBC provides a wide range of products and services to its customers which are Retail banking and wealth management that further includes HSBC premiers, HSBC advance, Wealth solution and financial planning, Basic banking.

Revenue recognition Revenue is “the gross inflow of economic benefits during the period arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity when those inflows result in increases in equity, other than increases relating to contributions from equity participants.” An income can be described as a gross inflow of financial benefits, less cost of sales or /and other expenditures such as operating costs and tax liabilities.

Its business interests are based in studio entertainment, media net works and consumer products. The media networks is composed of television networks and radio networks, while the studio networks mainly deals in animations and musical recordings. The company is not only based in US, but also it has subsidiary companies in Hong Kong and in Japan making it a global entity.

Over the past couple of decades, the number of companies preparing CSR in their reporting has been growing rapidly. There are a couple of key reasons behind the reporting. Some of the companies prepare the reports to meet their stakeholders’ needs (Moir, 2001). Other key reasons behind the reporting are legislative purposes, as well as, developing the brand names.

3HRC Parts A & B: Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) Activity A As a new manager is starting in the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) shortly, one is tasked to provide a report to this new-starter, so that the manager can gain some understanding of the organization in preparation for their start.

It represents known brands of cigarette such as Pall Mall, Lucky Strike, Dunhill, Rothman and Imperial Tobacco. Externalities. Externalities are costs or benefits of a transaction that are borne by someone not directly involved in the transaction. A positive externality arises when an action generates a benefit to someone else who had no control over the action.

The traditional French management style has been extensively perceived as increasingly autocratic. The authority of decision-making has been concentrated at the top management level. The French managers look at the meetings “simply to clarify the arguments they would later put forward to their bosses for consideration”.

In the view of Turgeon, Rabinowitz, and Wong (2008), IFRS conversion causes a change in book and tax accounting methods which will have a direct effect on the company’s income tax reporting, cash taxes payable, and tax compliance.

The governance norms embraced in the listing rules of various exchanges and the Code reinforce the strong points and limitations of another monitoring mechanism of corporate governance in each country. The corporate governance policies of the US work in collaboration with existing institutional shareholders, established courts, and state law regulation.

Seeing as technology and culture change with the times it stands to reason that the ideas and philosophies regarding those topics should change with the time also. With that in mind, one might believe that Postman’s ideas on humanism and technology are not incorrect but rather outdated. There has to be a limit to how old an idea can be.

The ability to work as an intrapreneur can lead to several opportunities as well as different understandings of one’s capabilities. In a current project, there was a focus on the managerial roles of several members of a team, specifically to assist the Willows foundation, which assists those with chronic illnesses.

Adoption of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as an Important Piece of Legislation The purpose of this brief discussion is to describe the fundamentals of an effective accounting system, including the necessary internal control features for cash and accounts/notes receivable transactions.Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (henceforth referred to as SOX) on July 25, 2002, by a huge and decisive margin (Chambers, Hermanson & Payne, 2010).

For identifying the reason of this fair trade’s losing of power, it is required to find the answer to certain key questions. These are as follows: What are the actual benefits that are achievable from the movements of Fair Trade? Are the advantages of fair trade movement sustainable?

It is estimated that in the United States a third of its employees have stolen from their employers (Wells, 2001). The asset that is most targeted by employees is cash due to the fact that cash is the most valuable and liquid asset a person can get their hands on.

Gulf Currency Union is a popular object of professional discussion. Much has been written and said about its benefits and potential costs for the Gulf countries. GCU exemplifies a complex product of multiple influences and reflects the growing role of globalization and integration in economic relations between Middle Eastern countries.

 The guidelines state that any machinery or equipment other than cars can qualify for such an allowance, however, there are limitations to the extent that this allowance can be claimed, the annual limit for the Annual Investment Allowance is restricted to £50,000 per year.  

According to the paper, limited guidance on offsetting of assets and liabilities is a characteristic feature of US GAAP; however, IFRS insists specific guidance on offsetting of assets and liabilities. In case of IFRS, financial position’s classified statement is essential unless liquidity ordering is more meaningful.

They accomplish a wide variety of tasks and services. Non-profit organizations can be public serving as well as member serving. Public serving are those which serve the public or charities and member serving are those that serve the interests of members. Non-profit organizations are applicable all over a country i.e.

Generally, the IFRS recognizes two categories of intangible assets: (1) Internally created intangible assets and (2) Purchased intangible assets. Accordingly, an intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset having no physical substance (IAS 38.8) that is distinguishable from goodwill (IAS 38.11).

Consultation is much healthier to use since it will enable those using it and never touch it regularly. If printed, then exceptional measures should be undertaken so that they can be allowed to be read. Documentation helps in identifying the major components of the business so that they could be admirable.

There are some that were introduced and were later replaced by other types of savings bonds (Lasser, 2011). Currently there are different types of savings bonds whose interests can be calculated through different ways. In this case we have calculations for EE series and the I savings bonds series.

Taxation and housing are two crucial areas that reflect the economic performance of a country. Generally, countries with stronger economic background levy comparatively lower tax rates on sales, income, and other transactions. In contrast, developing countries often charge higher taxes in order for meeting their rising fund needs.

GRI's mission is to provide a credible and trusted framework for sustainability reporting used by companies of different sizes or locations. To hold these expectations and to communicate clearly about sustainability, a global framework model and continuous metrics and language are required and Global Reporting Initiative fulfills this.

Tesco Plc. Is one of the leading international retailers with its core business as in retailing of grocery. The company offers a huge range of products including food items, general merchandise, accessories, household items, and electrical products. In addition to its core business the company also provides financial services including insurance and retail banking.

The culture made the employees completely rest their respective faith on the senior officers’ in spite of the confirmation regarding their improper deeds. The culture was also learned to avoid any kind of disputes which discouraged the reporting of such improper behaviors of the senior officials by the employees (Elchenwald, 2002).

This paper accentuates the trade disputes in relation to the exports made by Chinese manufacturers to foreign countries across the world, particularly the developed nations. Although after its entry into the World Trade Organization, China had exposed itself to large-scale foreign transactions; it has not yet created trade standards akin to the developed countries.

Central bank dependency has brought a lot of improvement and raised credibility tests within the central bank. Inflation targets on the other hand has brought inflation into stability. There will be new challenges emerging in the financial markets and anywhere within the economic sphere so the strategy being applied now to tackle the challenges will have to evolve over time.  

The author states that marginal costing takes into account variable costs during production while Fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as period costs. It is believed that only the variable costs are relevant to decision-making and that the reason why they are considered in production. Marginal costing is useful in making decisions.

The main purpose of the operating statements of income statement is to help the companies to evaluate their performance on the basis of sales and expenses. The income statement reflects strongly upon the profit and loss occurred in the company according to the sales and expenses of the firm.