Global Media, War, and Technology - Annotated Bibliography Example

Name xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Course xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Instructor xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Date Work of another Student; The Fog of War and Media at War by Lee Artz; Purdue University Calumet Ralph D. Berenger, ed. Global media go to war: Role of news and entertainment media during the 2003 Iraq war. Spokane, WA: Marquette Books. Posted in 2004. The Toronto School Paradigm keynote addresses the relation media and its participation as Weapons of Mass Deception. The global media was long at war in Iraq before the real invasion by the US and its allied forces. The media participated in the war through the minds, hearts and thoughts of the citizens. The media just like any other enemies in the battle took sides and influenced persons to agree or disagree with the positions of the either side. The rational direction and analysis of the whole situation in the dispute relied upon the materials and documents that were distributed by the media that helped persons understand the fact and reasons behind the invasion. The information had to put the facts that had to be beyond any reasonable doubt to justify the invasion of the US and the other allied nations on Iraq (Artz & Kamalipour, 2004). Glen Sparks is for the idea of selective media but does not offer solutions as to which media is to be relied on to provide the relevant information that will help the masses identify the justifiable reasons and the reactions that suit the situation at hand (Schecter, 2003). Many persons including students are divided as to which media is to be relied upon. In the US and the worlds at large, most Islamic students viewed the invasion of the USA and other allied nations as intrusion and the sense of cultivating an alien culture and propaganda to the Arabic nations. Glenn concludes “we don't know how and why news agencies select news sources or how accounts interact with existing cultural codes” (Kavotsky & Carlson, 2003). Weapons of mass deception According to McLuhan theory the key note addressed is the use of the media as Weapons of Mass Deception. The coverage of the Iraq war was all a military affair as no citizen coverage was given priority. The coverage and the purposes of the invasion were built on a lie and used the analogy that the bigger the lie the more easily it was to make its citizens but the idea (Weiner, 2003). The use of the media in the American context was in a more conformist sense. The US used the law in the parliament that enabled them to buy into the media and have their propaganda as it any person who was not able to buy their idea was viewed to be an enemy (Solomon, 2003). Given the improved and innovative nature of the globalized world, it has been easy to have a developed idea and propaganda and have it sold to the world and cause an intended cause of reaction in a small and limited time. Media is according to the McLuhan theory relevant source of the formulation of an analysis of a sound frame work (Rampton & Stauber, 2003). The media should be able to relate and borrow the ideas of the population in relation to the issue at hand and not be compromised by the ideas of the policy makers who are up to have their idea and intentions implemented. The media in the war on Iraq was filled with ideas that had the reality concealed and independence of the media was displaced thus it lost its main principles and participations (McLuhan, 1964). Work of another Student; Understanding popular culture by Posted by Douglas Kellner. Fall 2007, University of Maryland, College Park Friday: 11:30am-12:45pm Popular culture to Douglas is as a result of the interface of the industries of culture and the everyday life. Popular culture seldom imposed on them. The peoples culture makes do with the provisions of the system. The war on Iraq was dramatized by the September 11th attacks and thus sparked the great scrutiny of the strategies that the Islamic jihadism utilized to spread its agenda (Fiske, 2000 (1989)). The US administration thus utilized the spectacular media to spread its propaganda against the geopolitical ends and military power. Both the US and the Sadam regime used media to popularize their political agenda that had to fit into their media codes (Kepel, 2002). The use of the September 11th attack by the US played a major role in the development of the propaganda that saw the government gain majority and large American following as it was alleged the dominance of the Iraq regime in the development of weapons of mass destruction will further create a bigger risk of a terrorist attack. The population culture build on this was as a result of the fear of an eminent attack as the Islamists went ahead with their crusade of Jihadism (Vidal, 2002). The country together with a large following from the countries that had suffered the effects of the terrorist group actions had to follow the political strategies in fear that the lack of this would have resulted in an attack. The population culture was as a result of the political power of the government and the control of the media as it spread the political agenda of the two nations (Chomsky, 2001). Population culture in relation to Government power and media control The keynote addressed by john Fiske is the government power and media control through the use of popular culture. The government power on the media is to have it operate in the interpellation mode. This implies that the media assumes the culture of making the individuals to respond and acknowledging to the portrayed ideologies as subjects. This implies that the individuals or the citizens can respond to the ideologies complicity by their own domination (Foucault, 1990). The government thus according to John Fiske use the media in the form only that will be able to benefit and address their ideologies and or aims. The media only chooses to air and communicate the ideas and information that will be able to give them an upper hand over the other in the globally competitive world. The individual is left only to concentrate on the ideas that will be able to stultify them. Thus they remain prey and helpless as they only victim to the information that is offered to them (Fiske, 2000 (1989)). Interpellation in this case only occurs when the individual is ready and is through with the process of connecting with the text offered by the media. The government thus utilizes this to be able to offer the audience with the information that will be appealing to their mind and psychological aspect (Gauntlett, 2002). The US government utilized the information of Iraq being in possession of weapons of mass destruction and thus being able to support the terrorist activities. The audience was left with no chance other than to be able to accept the ideologies and propaganda that was being sold to them since they had suffered the adverse effects of terrorism. This makes it possible for the government to use its power and be able to have the media to have control over the person’s culture including the influence of their thoughts. The popular culture in this case will be that which wins the sympathy of the governments powerful propaganda that has been conveyed through the media (Gauntlett, 2002). Mainstream media coverage of the war in Iraq The keynote address ‘mainstream media coverage of the war in Iraq’ widely reflects on the idea of Grossberg (1991:130-2) introduces strategies of Marxist cultural interpretation. He addresses that various cultural texts as an act of imposition towards categories displayed in mass production mainly in the domains of thought, imagination and consciousness (ibid 132). Like media coverage across Iraq, popular or mass music is condemned as that product that attributes an infantilized mode of utilization (Mcluhan 1969). It is evident that media coverage across Iraq should in itself have retained certain artisanal characters so as to promote rationalization of culture within Iraq. The key note addresses that mainstream media coverage of the war in Iraq as one of infotainment or part of popular culture. New technology within news coverage acted as source of controversies as mainstream media coverage were termed to be biased and those involved in the spread of propaganda. New technology can be viewed as current political blogs which have constantly gained prominence across America (Mcluhan 1996). Further, the key note indicates that due to improved technology, there were numerous violations of rights and abuse of power within the political class within America. This is because of the various media policies that restrained coverage across Iraq. Work by another student; The media and patriotism by Joan Konner Published on Wednesday, January 9, 2002 Research indicate that the mainstream media coverage across Iraq as generally inaccurate. Clearly, it is evident that without effective electronic coverage, it becomes difficult for people to comprehend. According to Grossberg (1991), electronic media have clearly changed the primary human experience of a given situation. Eras of communication are known to contribute a lot towards the history of human race. Effective media is one which focuses on distributing information with no propaganda or any kind of biasness. It should communicate effectively both orally and verbally as a way of promoting the culture of the intended area of coverage. Grossberg (1991) asserts that, based on the media concentration, effective media should not be limited to the area of conflict like the mainstream media coverage of Iraq war but rather it should seek for assistance to ensure such conflict does not reoccur. It should not focus on racial bias. Racial bias is widely viewed during Iraq war coverage in that African Americans are overrepresented in cases of crime. Further media coverage should not one which creates pressure of attaining profit through distortion rather it should focus on addressing human race conflicts. References Artz, L, & Kamalipour, Y, 2004, Bring `em on! Media and power in the U.S. war on Iraq. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield. Chomsky, N, 2001, 9-11. New York: Seven Seals Press. Fiske, J, 2000 (1989). “Moments of Television: Neither the text nor the audience” in Media Studies: A Reader. Marris, Paul and Sue Thornham eds. New York: New York University Press. Foucault, M, 1990, The History of Sexuality Volume 1: An Introduction. New York, NY: Random House. Gauntlett, D, 2002, Media, Gender and Identity. London: Routledge. Grossberg, L 1991, ‘Strategies of Marxist cultural interpretation’, in RK Avery & D Eason (eds), Critical perspectives on media and society, Guildford Press, New York, pp. 130–2. Kavotsky, B, & Carlson, T, 2003, Embedded: The media at war in Iraq. Lyons Press. Kepel, G, 2002, Jihad. The Trail of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. McLuhan, M, 1964, Understanding media: The extension of man, New York; McGraw-Hill. Mcluhan, M. play boy interview. Play boy 1969, 53-158 Rampton, S & Stauber, J, 2003, Weapons of mass deception: The uses of propaganda in Bush's war on Iraq. J. P. Tarcher. Schecter, D, 2003, Weapons of mass deception: How the media failed to cover the war on Iraq. Prometheus. Solomon, N, 2003, Target Iraq: What the news media didn't tell you. Context. Vidal, G, 2002, Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace. How We Got To Be So Hated. New York: Thunder Mouth Press/Nation Books. Weiner, R, 2003, Live from Baghdad: Making journalism from behind enemy lines. St. Martin’s Press. Read More

The US used the law in the parliament that enabled them to buy into the media and have their propaganda as it any person who was not able to buy their idea was viewed to be an enemy (Solomon, 2003). Given the improved and innovative nature of the globalized world, it has been easy to have a developed idea and propaganda and have it sold to the world and cause an intended cause of reaction in a small and limited time. Media is according to the McLuhan theory relevant source of the formulation of an analysis of a sound frame work (Rampton & Stauber, 2003).

The media should be able to relate and borrow the ideas of the population in relation to the issue at hand and not be compromised by the ideas of the policy makers who are up to have their idea and intentions implemented. The media in the war on Iraq was filled with ideas that had the reality concealed and independence of the media was displaced thus it lost its main principles and participations (McLuhan, 1964). Work of another Student; Understanding popular culture by Posted by Douglas Kellner.

Fall 2007, University of Maryland, College Park Friday: 11:30am-12:45pm Popular culture to Douglas is as a result of the interface of the industries of culture and the everyday life. Popular culture seldom imposed on them. The peoples culture makes do with the provisions of the system. The war on Iraq was dramatized by the September 11th attacks and thus sparked the great scrutiny of the strategies that the Islamic jihadism utilized to spread its agenda (Fiske, 2000 (1989)). The US administration thus utilized the spectacular media to spread its propaganda against the geopolitical ends and military power.

Both the US and the Sadam regime used media to popularize their political agenda that had to fit into their media codes (Kepel, 2002). The use of the September 11th attack by the US played a major role in the development of the propaganda that saw the government gain majority and large American following as it was alleged the dominance of the Iraq regime in the development of weapons of mass destruction will further create a bigger risk of a terrorist attack. The population culture build on this was as a result of the fear of an eminent attack as the Islamists went ahead with their crusade of Jihadism (Vidal, 2002).

The country together with a large following from the countries that had suffered the effects of the terrorist group actions had to follow the political strategies in fear that the lack of this would have resulted in an attack. The population culture was as a result of the political power of the government and the control of the media as it spread the political agenda of the two nations (Chomsky, 2001). Population culture in relation to Government power and media control The keynote addressed by john Fiske is the government power and media control through the use of popular culture.

The government power on the media is to have it operate in the interpellation mode. This implies that the media assumes the culture of making the individuals to respond and acknowledging to the portrayed ideologies as subjects. This implies that the individuals or the citizens can respond to the ideologies complicity by their own domination (Foucault, 1990). The government thus according to John Fiske use the media in the form only that will be able to benefit and address their ideologies and or aims.

The media only chooses to air and communicate the ideas and information that will be able to give them an upper hand over the other in the globally competitive world. The individual is left only to concentrate on the ideas that will be able to stultify them. Thus they remain prey and helpless as they only victim to the information that is offered to them (Fiske, 2000 (1989)). Interpellation in this case only occurs when the individual is ready and is through with the process of connecting with the text offered by the media.

The government thus utilizes this to be able to offer the audience with the information that will be appealing to their mind and psychological aspect (Gauntlett, 2002).

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