StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

The Link between Long-Period Psychological Behavior and Exposure to Parental Alienation at Childhood - Assignment Example

Cite this document
Summary
The paper "The Link between Long-Period Psychological Behavior and Exposure to Parental Alienation at Childhood" states that the research serves as an eye-opener to an area that has been less explored to relate different psychological tendencies in children of divorce. …
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER96.5% of users find it useful

Extract of sample "The Link between Long-Period Psychological Behavior and Exposure to Parental Alienation at Childhood"

Psychology, Assignment Topic: Research Article Review Paper (PAS) 11th November Ben-Ami, N. and Baker, A.J.L.; publications: 2012 This research work aims at investigating the link between the long-period psychological behavior and exposure to parental alienation at childhood. Ben-Ami and Baker (2012) proposes a correlation on the perception of having experienced parental alienation (PA) by a parent against the target parent with some five selected psychological domains. In their hypothesis, it is projected that subjects belonging to PA group will have dysfunction in all psychological domains compared to those belonging to No-PA. These domains are self sufficiency and those that defines a person well-being namely alcohol abuse, depression, self esteem and attachment. This retrospective phenomenological study seeks to find the influence of PA on long-term psychological measures. A correlation between these domains and evidence of parental alienation will be drawn from evidence obtained through a survey. The authors embarked to investigate the differences between those who reported an experience of PA and those who did not. The population of interest is composed of adult children who experienced divorce at childhood. The researchers seek to identify symptoms of parental alienation syndrome from the study subjects. In recruiting sample subject in the study, the researchers have used convenience sampling. Convenience sampling enables the recruitment of study subjects in a location where they are most likely to be found. This is because the sample the researcher is interested in may not be uniformly distributed in the general population. The sampling thus is done by recruiting potential subjects from social networking websites and Listerv groups which have specialized in adult children of divorce. In adopting this sampling technique, the authors are aware that the population of interest is not evenly distributed in the general population and convenience sampling will ensure sample size is saturated making it reliable and representative of the population of interest. This is vital in transferring the findings to population of interest. This correlation study seeks to investigate relations between various variables that are measures of effect of PA in adult childhood. It is possible that there may be no correlation, or there may be a positive or negative correlation. Two prominent research designs employed in correlation studies include naturalistic observation and survey method. Albeit, the former may have offered the best chance to the researchers to interact with research subjects in the field thereby providing them with rich information in natural setting, its cost its prohibitive. Therefore, a survey method was used in this study since it requires less time to implement and promises enough sample subjects within the limited. It suffers from drawbacks of the study subjects not being sincere and therefore ay sometimes produces bias results. This is when it is compared to naturalistic observation research design. Another drawback is that the method will depend on the question the investigator poses to the subjects and bias may arise at this stage or else if the questions are not well placed, less information is obtained. In the current research paper, a survey method was used in the form of structured questionnaires. Participants were recruited through a convenience sampling. As the authors concur, the methodology is relatively cheap in collecting substantial large amount of data within short periods. Individuals who responded to the survey (150 individuals) were regarded as the raw data and out of these 188 were included in the data analysis as they are the ones who completed the survey. The sampling thus was random thereby ensuring there was no bias in the study. Convenience sampling technique was applied in recruiting study subjects from specialized social websites and flyers sent through friends so as to as to reach out to the population of interest. The result seeking to investigate differences in the PA and No-PA group reported significant (p < 0.05) statistical difference in the two groups in terms of educational attainment, in school or working, self-sufficiency, likelihood of completing four years of college, likelihood of being employed (Ben-Ami and Baker, 2012). For instance, the studies reports that the PA group had high probability of not completing the four college years as compared to the No-PA. In addition, it was evident from the study that the PA group also was more likely to be unemployed. Self-sufficiency was sufficiently diminished in this group whereas the No-PA group was more self-sufficient. Parental alienation was also seen to be linked to major depressive disorder as well as low self-esteem among the PA group. The outcome is an unfortunate incidence in children. Most worrying is the conflicts that precipitates before the actual divorce and the behaviors of parents towards each other. Denigration of one parent by the other may lead to parental alienation syndrome in adulthood for the children. Indoctrination with negativity towards one of the parents and the shaping of the childhood opinion is a major cause of parental alienation syndrome (PAS). This syndrome is disastrous towards various domains of the adult childhood leading to a decay of his/her general well-being. This review is of the opinion that to establish theory of PAS more study needs to be done especially naturalistic observation studies though expensive in order to counter the limitation of a survey based methodology where participants may affect study outcome. The participants in a survey may be at liberty to affect the validity of the findings. However, more surveys need to be undertaken to ensure findings are reliable. In view of this research, measures need to be put place to curb conflict between parents either pre- or post-divorce period with the objective of protecting the feud from spilling over to children since it will adversely affect their adult social life. Parental alienation may be passive or active. Awareness need to be raised to prevent passive cases of PA, though in the active cases restraining measures need to be implemented.         The study ignites efforts towards more elaborate studies to establish different psychological problems besides those identified in this work. For instance, researcher may want to identify association of drug abuse to parental alienation at childhood.  Secondly, empirical studies need to be undertaken to establish various characteristics that are associated with exposure to parental alienation in early childhood. Finally, the study re-ignites more debate focused on parental behavior and its impact towards the adult children of divorce. The study enlightens the society to be concerned on the plight of children of the divorce in with the aim of minimizing parental alienation. As Warshak (2001) concurs, parental alienation syndrome is controversial when it comes to child custody. Literature describes PAS as a disturbance manifested by children after unjustified campaign of denigration of one parent (Gardner, 1998). This campaign is perpetrated by one of the parents. PAS, therefore, may be defined by three features namely; the rejection of the target parent is unjustified, the campaign to reject the target parent perpetrated by PA is persistent rather than just an episode and finally it is as a result of the influence of the non-alienated parent. The effect of parental alienation as evident from this study is not benign rather it has series repercussion on several psychosocial domains which have been defined above. The extent of the PAS will most likely depend on the degree the child has been brainwashed by the PA. Interpersonal functioning of the child is affected directly and this is more evident in adulthood as seen in this review. The onset of signs of parental denigration usually will appear I early adulthood as the child reaches the stages of individualization. Symptoms such as social withdrawal, immaturity and regression in social situation are indicators of parental alienation syndrome. In a modern society, children in adult stage who have had an experience in parental alienation from divorce will often assume hostility and obnoxious behaviour are acceptable behaviors in relationships and other behaviors portrayed by the PA such as deceit and manipulation are part of a normal relationship. Therefore, in reality behaviors and characters depicted by some members of the society may bear their root to childhood upbringing. Psychologist, therefore, are supposed to make judgments on certain behaviors based on a careful examination of their clients history. In curbing the effect of PS in the society, the ideal approach may involve collaboration between the legal and mental fraternities. However, it should be noted that the circumstances leading to PAS may differ from one parent to another and the remedies towards ones family intervention may not work in another. This may happen despite similar symptoms though underlying issues may be different. The research was driven by need to relate different aspects of adulthood well-being that may have been caused by events in pre- or/and post-divorce. The research design is well structured since it engages directly with the population of interest so that it may obtain rich raw information to determine the correlation. The major pillar of any survey study design is based on the questionnaires. The researchers in this work have formulated questionnaire that sought to address pertinent issues linked with PAS and which they retrospectively had established are severely affected following PAS. The researchers allude to the fat that research in this field is not that establish and a survey study may serve as a benchmark for more detailed retrospective and prospective studies such as naturalistic observation.   In conclusion, the research serves as an eye-opener to an area which has been less explored to relate different psychological tendencies in children of divorce. This will provide clear guidelines in dealing with perpetrators since the denigration of a parent comes at an extra cost to the child. This study informs stakeholders in family matters to probe such behaviors since they are highly linked to diminished well-being in adult life.   References Ben-Ami, Naomi and Baker, Amy J.L. (2012). The Long-Term Correlates of Childhood Exposure to Parental Alienation on Adult Self-Sufficiency and Well Being” The American Journal of Family Therapy 40: 169-183. Gardner, R.A. (1998). The Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Guide for Mental Health and Legal Professionals (2nd Ed.). Cresskill, NJ, Creative Therapeutics Warshak, R.A. (2001). Current Controversies Regarding Parental Alienation Syndrome. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19 (3): 29-59. Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(Research Article Review Paper (PAS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words, n.d.)
Research Article Review Paper (PAS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words. Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/psychology/1786302-research-article-review-paper-pas
(Research Article Review Paper (PAS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 Words)
Research Article Review Paper (PAS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 Words. https://studentshare.org/psychology/1786302-research-article-review-paper-pas.
“Research Article Review Paper (PAS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 Words”. https://studentshare.org/psychology/1786302-research-article-review-paper-pas.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF The Link between Long-Period Psychological Behavior and Exposure to Parental Alienation at Childhood

Parental Support and Education

parental support + education Mother's lap is frequently referred to as the first school of a child.... parental education is extremely important for the education of children.... In light of the points discussed in this paper, it can be concluded that parental... It takes a lot more things that include but are not limited to psychological health, physical health, emotional support of the parents, trust and confidence of the parents, financial support by the parents and encouragement by the parents upon achievement of goals....
3 Pages (750 words) Essay

Alienation as a Painful Experience for Immigrants

According to Karen Horney, experience in the early childhood influences the character development of a person.... The childhood experiences create the self or character of child.... alienation is familiar to humanity since the very beginning of the world.... Individuals have been facing alienation in their societies since time immemorial.... hellip; alienation is familiar to humanity since the very beginning of the world....
5 Pages (1250 words) Essay

Ethical Problem Of Parental Nudity

In such a situation where not much hatred can be found against parental nudity, how can an innocent child question his/her parents about excessive nudity while being told all the time by them that this is nothing but human-friendly behavior and in fact portrays the broad-minded approach humans have developed over time about their bodies.... The paper "Ethical Problem Of parental Nudity" discusses the critical widespread issue of the present modernized world, parental nudity and the complications it raises for the children who have quite raw minds and for whom nudity can be anything from phenomenally creepy to strangely bizarre....
8 Pages (2000 words) Essay

Childhood Developement and Sexual Behavior

Some babies also experience muscular contractions that are similar to orgasm but Childhood behavior and sexual development Affiliation: There are several sexual behaviors associated with the infancy period which lasts from 0-2 years.... hen the child is between 3-8 years, they start becoming curious about their bodies and hence start sexually exploring their bodies and that of the opposite sex.... Also in the process of exploration, they look at others when they are undressing and try to determine what the difference between them is....
1 Pages (250 words) Essay

The Period of Middle Childhood

Model mostly capitalizes on education as the guiding lines for better leadership in the Middle childhood Development (Affiliation) childhood development in leadership skills according to the chapter is solely focused on learning.... Middle childhood ages are thus shaped by their orientation and inclination to leadership in these organizations.... During the middle childhood, there are a variety of issues that have been presented to pose a number of issues on the overall wellbeing of the individual....
2 Pages (500 words) Assignment

Parental/sibling alienation

In addition it is a situation, when one parent tries to attempt alienation of a child or children from the other parent. By definition alienation is the isolation of one… parental alienation or sibling alienation becomes a result of the desire of one parent's to isolate his or her child from the connections with other family members, like the second parent or other children through words and behavior to form a division and even Running head: PARENTAL AND SIBLING ALIENATION Influence and Reasons of Alienation, Parental and Sibling PARENTAL AND SIBLING ALIENATIONInfluence and reasons of alienation, parental and siblingThis paper is dedicated to what parental/sibling alienation is and how it influences on the children's life....
1 Pages (250 words) Essay

The relation between memories of childhood psychological maltreatment and Machiavellianism

Apart from the above-mentioned assumptions, trauma literature also suggests a promising link between childhood adversities and Machiavellianism.... They explained Machiavellianism to be a personality trait that makes individuals be deceitful, unemotional,… The two researchers stated that the self-reported memory of childhood maltreatment led to people developing the Machiavellianism world view.... They explored the relationship between social learning, Life History theory, effects of trauma childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Machiavellianism childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Machiavellianism Láng & Lenard (2015) investigated the relationship between Machiavellianism and the children psychology maltreatment and they explored different sociological theories....
1 Pages (250 words) Essay

Gender Differences in Developmental Links among Antisocial Behavior

There is a need to explore such trends so that measures can be taken to increase the social orientation and exposure of individuals for a more solid and united nation.... Such factors include but are not limited to personality traits, friend's rejection, parental divorce, involvement in crime and social exclusion.... The paper "Gender Differences in Developmental Links among Antisocial behavior" states that it is not uncommon for prosocial children to be criticized for the overt expression of their thoughts and ideas....
5 Pages (1250 words) Lab Report
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us