Communication of Intelligence: The Kennedy Assassination - Coursework Example

Term Paper PART A The U.S. has accomplished much in its relative short 230-plus year history. The U.S. Government is known to have worked to conceal the testing and feature of its experiments, which started in the 1950s under the exotic code names as Bluebird, Artichoke and MKUltra. The American Administration initiated Project Paperclip, that alludes, an all-out attempt by the Army and the CIA to supposedly hire former Nazi scientist to assist test numerous psycho-chemicals, as well as grow a new truth serum utilizing the nations owns vets as test subjects. The network of mind control physicians engaged in BLUEBIRD had done a profound harm to the field of psychiatry and to psychiatric patients. The CIA, Navy, Army, and Air force sponsored the involvement of psychiatrist and medical practitioners in mind control research. Project Artichoke was a special agency program set up for the growth and application of special methods in CIA interrogations and in other CIA overt dealings where control of a person was desired. On the other hand, project BLUEBIRD was previously accepted by the director of the CIA . It carried out LSD, biological and radiation experiments. While conducting these experiments and other chemical tests on humans, it effectively collaborated mutually with the United States Army. It bought the technology to change consciousness through numerous projects and programs. These advancements in technology of induced fear and mind control focused on victims and indeed some groups. However, as these experiments on humans went on, the mass public was actually left in the dark considering what kind of abilities the military and government had (Ventura, et al. 10-45). The history of HIV and AIDS in the United States started in 1981, when the U.S. became the first nation to, formally, notice a bizarre new illness amid a diminutive figure of gay men. Presently, it was collectively acknowledged that the origin of AIDS likely rests on Africa, Nevertheless, the United States was the first nation to bring AIDs into the community awareness and the American response without doubt contributed to the establishment of AIDS as one of the most politicized, feared and controversial diseases in the history of recent medicine. The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) role is to offer national security intelligence to the senior United States policy makers. On the other hand, the FBI, an intelligence and law enforcement bureau is responsible for comprehending the threats to the United States national security and penetrating national and transnational systems that have a wish and ability to harm the U.S. The NSA is the country’s cryptologic institution that synchronizes, manages and conducts exceedingly specialized activities to shield the United States data systems and to create foreign signals intelligence data. Warren’s Report covers the progress measures of the Secret Service for the presidential visit to Dallas on November 22, 1963, and its dealings on that day in Dallas. However, this report does integrate investigative dealings by the Secret Service to accredit or to help in accrediting the establishment of the President Kennedy’s assassin or his motives. The report reveals various elements of the Secret Service’s operations, which are not cumulative public understanding. John Edgar Hoover most egregious abuses of power were associated with the civil rights epoch, as early as the mid-1930s the FBI was accused of wiretapping the Supreme Court. He was corrupt and spent prolifically using the FBI budget for home enhancements and free, expensive trips (Donglas 34-55). Clinton Murchison was born in Dallas, Texas. He graduated with a degree of Mechanical engineering at Duke University. In the latter 1940s, Murchison with his accomplice Sid Richardson, met the then FBI Director John Hoover. It was the beginning of a long-standing friendship. In the year 1952, these three men worked in unison to mount a blotch campaign against Aldai Stevenson, a Democratic Party candidate who was a presidential contester. Murchison was closely associated with the mafia; therefore, he used Hoover as a shield from any corrupt dealings since he was rich and could afford to bribe him. Susan Rosenstiel was a former wife of Lewis Rosenstiel. Her second husband was J. Edgar Hoover. She was a convicted perjurer. Her relationship with Hoover was a thorny one. They were both engaged in a bitterly contested divorce that last for ten years in the courts. She controversially asserted that Hoover was gay. Meyer Lansky was a Polish American planned crime godfather influential in the growth of the National Crime Syndicate in the U.S. He was regarded as one of the most powerful men in the nation, sited as a contributor in both the Jewish mafia and Italian mafia. Meyer Lansky cultivated a close relationship with J. Edgar Hoover, which implied and misused routine law enforcement practices. Hoover was related to the Warren Commission report since he was the one leading the FBI in investigating President JKF’s assassination Bobby Baker was born in Pickens, South Carolina. He was a close friend of Lyndon Johnson. Lyndon relied on Baker to receive important political information. When Lyndon was elected as vice president under J F. Kennedy, Bobby remained as Johnson’s secretary and political counsel. Billie So Estes was born in Abilene, TX, in 1924. He was a businessperson who sold anhydrous ammonia as fertilizer, where he made a windfall. However, Billie Estes’ enterprise faced difficulties when the Department of Agriculture started to regulate the production of cotton. Estes made connections with Lyndon Johnson in the year 1958. Henry Marshall was ordered to inspect the dealing activities of Billie Sol Estes. As result, he found that over two-year time, Estes had bought 3, 200 acres of cotton allocation from 166 distinct farmers. Marshall wrote to his bosses in Washington about the need to introduce stiffer laws that would regulate allotment transfers. When he heard the news, Billie sent his advocate, John P. Dennison to meet Henry in Robertson County. A week after the meet up between Marshall and Dennison, A.B. Foster, an manager of Billie Sol Enterprises, wrote to Carter, a close associate to Lyndon, explaining to him about the hurdles Marshall was causing to the corporate. Marshall was found dead on his farm next to his Chevy Fleetside pickup truck. It has been touted that Lyndon Johnson influenced the assassination of JFK and was a straight result of the scandals involving Billie Sol Estes and Bobby Baker (Nelson 23-67). Malcolm Wallace was born in Mount Pleasant, TX, in 1931. In the year 1939, Wallace joined the United States Marines. After finishing training, he want consigned to Hawaii where he served on the airplane carrier USS Lexington. Edward Clark introduced Wallace to Johnson Lyndon in the year, 1950. Wallace started to date Johnson’s sister, Josefa Johnson, who was also having another affair with John Kinser. Billie Estes, Lyndon and Wallace actually met on 17th 1961 to talk about Henry Marshall. On the other hand, Johnson Lyndon met with Edward Clark who worked for the Governor of Texas in the year 1935. It was the same year Lyndon was appointed director of National Youth Administration. The two men became close friends. Clinton Murchison was born in Dallas, TX. He was a wealthy oil mogul. He was introduced to Johnson Lyndon through Bobby Backer. Their friendship was strong. Murchison gave Lyndon his full support. President Johnston Lyndon form the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy. Allan Dulles was the CIA boss, and a father figure in the Agency; he was also close friend of Lyndon. During the Warren Commission investigation into the assassination of President JF Kennedy, Dulles role was to protect the CIA (Nelson 70-77). Sam Giancana was one of the most notorious crime bosses in Chicago in the 1950s. In the year 1960, he was closely associated with the then CIA director Allan Dulles about the possibility of murdering Fidel Castro. Guiancana, it is suggested, used his influence to support Kennedy defeat Richard Nixon. Both JF Kennedy and Giancana worked closely together. Santos Trafacante just like Giancana was a prominent figure in Mafia also took part in talk with the CIA boos, Dulles about the likelihood of murdering Fidel Castro. On the other hand, Carlos Marcello was the leader of the Mafia in New York. His relationship to JF Kenney was a thorny one, as Marcello, as it is claimed made numerous threats and intuitions about possible assassination of President JF Kennedy Nelson (89-105). J.D. Tippit was slain adjacent to the junction of Tenth and Patton Streets in the Oak Cliff part of Dalla moments before 1:16 pm on November 22, 1963. His demise took place about forty-five minutes after JF Kennedy’s was hit in the head from Dealey Plaza, roughly 4 miles away in Downtown Dallas. He was cruising in his emblazoned policy vehicle on Patton looking for JFK assassin, then he bumped into a pedestrian walking in the identical direction on the walkway, before killing the engine. Tippit called the walker, upon which the walker approached and actually spoke to him via the partly opened right front vent window. After a short chitchat, Tippit stepped out of his car and began to walk to the front of his automobile. Then he was shoot across the car he approached the left front wheel. Tippit’s assassin’s name was Oswald. This has lead to massive speculations that Oswald due to his capacity for violence suggests that he was the assassin of John F. Kennedy (Kaiser 28-45). There has been a lot of doubt surrounding Judy Vary Baker about his controversial testimony, which apparently transforms the manner in which we perceive about JFK assassination. Baker gives account that incorporates much of what has been written about the slaying into a more or less coherent testimony. Furthermore, this places a portfolio of facts about the assassination in a very new dimension. Baker’s story starts when she was a pupil at Manatee High School, Florida. It is when she was in New Orleans in the summer of her life that she me Lee Oswald. The thing that brought them together was a plot, based in New Orleans to create bioweapon for the function of killing Fidel Castro. Other associates in the plot included David Ferrie. Lee made it to Mexico City, but unlikely the agent never arrived to claim the things, and the key conspirators reached a judgment to murder JFK instead. Oswald, who was a top fan of Kennedy, was a reluctant participator in the plot, however, he never told the authorities about the plot. He was in Dealey Plaza as some shooter, but deliberately missed JFK, though other shooter, in realty, killed the President. At this point, Judith’s testimony actually sounds unlikely. One somehow feels that she the real proof to back her story. It is in reality that Baker or anyone spent evenings out with Lee Oswald. She asserts that to be in possession of at least from Oswald, in the outline of captions written in the margins of a book (Tannenbaum & Lane 34-60). Not that I don’t trust the judgments of Eaglesham that Pitzer committed suicide, not that he was killed. However, the suicide scenario is not entirely convincing. It quite astonishing that Allan Eaglesham, had previously believed in a homicide debate for Lieutenant Commander William B. Pitzer’s bizarre demise, in the year, 1966, October. A great deal of inspection into Pitzer’s death peels backs the mask of mystic conspiracy for Eaglesham, and this brings him to the periphery of reasoning. Pitzer actually killed himself. The John F Kennedy plotters did not do it. Dennis David’s speech apparently makes one experience a certain uneasy feeling. Davis is sure JFK was shot from the front, because the back of the skull was blown off. Whatsoever became of a critical proof that proves that President JFK was murdered as a result of the conspiracy is difficult to tell (Ventura et al 90). Today, 50 years after President John F Kennedy was assassinated in Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, various accountable researchers who have spend a significant chunk of their time assert that they actually acknowledge that the Warren Commission’s major decision that Lee Oswald, acting alone, committed the crime. Though yet the topic of vigorous discussion in JFK assassination text exists, conspiracy theories that the murder was accredited to the FBI or Secret Service, to the Soviet Union, or his deputy president, Lyndon Jonhson amid others, makes it to seem little less credible with every passing year( Nelson 120-125). PART B In the 1954, American Government Agencies started to revive secret plots originally discarded until a more powerful administration came to power. Out of sight, the CIA and State Department find themselves feverishly working overtime attempting to plot a government dethronement of coup against populist nationalists in their own patch who have the impudence to threaten both United States economic and geopolitical interest. Allegations of communism and Soviet Union pervade the discussion and fan up the rhetoric, thus fast actions should be taken to mitigate the hemisphere; arbitration by any mode necessary. Political exiles are paid, trained and prepared, and instated. Propaganda permeates through jammed radio tower ad presages the peasant population of attack and freedom. Psychological combat in unison with paramilitary covert operation is initiated. The target, Guatemala, a third world country in which the fruits of insurrection and conflict are as ripe as the bananas that dot the countryside. Such an entrancing story could effortlessly fill the pages of Fredrick Forsyth’s next best-selling and fictional political thriller but in actual sense, it is the true story exposed through wide and painstaking investigation by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, who with embroidery of their production Bitter Fruit, adroitly detail and though-inducing and well-recognized historical account of the Guatemalan coup. Bitter Fruit is an exhaustive and perceptive account of the CIA maneuver to oust democratically voted government of Jacob Arbenz of Guatemala in the year 1954 (Schlesinger & Kinzer 20). The UFCO was a big corporation that imported tropical fruit to the U.S. from its extensive agricultural estates across Central America and the Caribbean. UNFCO was the dominant employer in Guatemala, and acquired the railways. This therefore had a considerable monopoly over freight traffic between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The discussion presented by Schlesinger and Kinzer in their books Bitter Fruit was the executives of this bureaucrat powerhouse had plotted with the Eisenhower running to overthrow the democratically elected Guatemala President Jacob Arbenz. Bitter Fruit stresses the notion that UFCO had played a decisive responsibility in the coup d'état. On the other hand, had the corporation not chosen Arbenz as a Communist, the Eisenhower government likely would have overlooked the circumstance in Guatemala (Schlesinger & Kinzer 50-55). Both Schlesinger and Kinzer trace the origins of oust by drawing on United States documents received under the Freedom of Information Act. They point how the UFCO became aggrieved by land reforms brought about under the leftist Arbenz government; how the enormous and skillful humbug campaign was introduced to brand Arbenz a Pro-Communist. How the CIA, after regarding numerous other contenders, elected Col. Carlos Armas as the revolutionaries; how a new United States ambassador was consigned to Guatemala to serve as covert senior plotter. Schlesinger and Kinzer also detail how Castillo Armas, with the help of the United States trained and financed troops, ultimately forced the hapless Arbenz into exile (Schlesinger & Kinzer 70-89). The underpinning of UFCO’s aggression was in June 1952 when the Guatemalan President declared the agrarian reform bill by name of Decree 900. The decree introduced new credit amenities such price controls and the proviso of tax incentives. Decree 900 lead to civil unrest, forcing Arbenz into suggesting that he was ready for a civil war. The key point of the decree was the commandeering and redistribution of land to the poor countryside employees. As a result, 209, 842 acres were seized from the United Fruit Company to which the statute predetermined reimbursement must be paid in twenty preset bonds maturing every five years. Knowing that the Communist intimidation eclipsed the seizure argument, the United Fruit public relation representatives stressed the hypothetical international plot and not the individual economic gripe of the corporation (Schlesinger & Kinzer 94-108). The debate contained in Bitter Fruit can viewed as having specific weaknesses such like the insurgent perception that the Eisenhower government officials were less concerned about the effect that Arbenz’s land restructuration had on the United Fruit Company are certainly persuasive. For instance, the connection of the Dulles brothers to the corporation financially could amount into thinking that there was a network between the interests of the U.S. capital and the interests of foreign policy. Nevertheless, in truth, Schlesinger and Kinzer’s investigative journalism depended on discriminatory and contingent proof, some of it somewhat exceedingly questionable. The Bitter Fruit debate surely contains many constructive aspects as the verity that Secretary of State., John F Dulles and his brother Allen, Director of the CIA beside other high-flying members of the Washington government owned considerable amounts of shares in the UFCO. Henry Cabot Lodge, who was an agent of the corporation’s home state of Massachusetts in the Senate, is also included. When one takes these aspects into considering, credence surely added to the assertion that private economic interests influenced the United States intercession (Schlesinger & Kinzer 110-115). Work Cited Donglas, Dillon. Report of the U.S. Secret Service on the Assassination of President Kennedy. U.S. Treasury Department, 1963. Print. Kaiser, David. The Road to Dallas: The Assassination of John F Kennedy. New York: WW Norton & Company, 2009. Print. Nelson, Philip. LBJ: The Mastermind of the JFK Assassination. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011. Print. Schlesinger, Stephen & Kinzer Stephen. Better Fruit. New York, 2010: Scribner. Tannenbaum, Robert. K. Lane, Mary. Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011. Print. Ventura, Jesse, Stone, Oliver & Prouty, Fletcher. L. JFK: The CIA, Vietnam, and the Plot to Assassinate John F. Kennedy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. Read More