StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

HIV-1 detection by western blot and DNA/RNA microarray - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
Infection by the virus results to progressive degradation of the immune system, such that the body cannot defend itself against other infectious disease agents such as…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER97.4% of users find it useful
HIV-1 detection by western blot and DNA/RNA microarray
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "HIV-1 detection by western blot and DNA/RNA microarray"

HIV DETECTION BY WESTERN BLOT AND DNA/RNA MICROARRAY due: Introduction The HIV virus The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 abbreviated as HIV-1 is a retrovirus, which is the cause of AIDS. Infection by the virus results to progressive degradation of the immune system, such that the body cannot defend itself against other infectious disease agents such as bacteria, fungi and other viruses. Once the virus infects a cell, it integrates into the host genetic material where it either starts cycles of replication (symptomatic) or remains inactive.

This results to latent infection in cellular reservoirs (asymptomatic) (Kassutto & Rosenberg 2004, p.1447). The structure of the virus consists of RNA particles, reverse transcriptase (a DNA polymerase) protein layer and a lipid double layer obtained from the host cell membrane. Unclear understanding of the interactions between the body and the virus limits progress in detection, treatment and prevention of the disease.The Western blot analysisThe Western blot is also referred to as the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Technique.

It is used to detect antibodies to HIV-1 in exposed or infected patients (Syed et al. 2005, 443). The analysis basically involves the transferal of protein bands from an agarose or polyacrylamide gel to a charged nylon membrane where they can be analysed. The transfer is done through electrophoresis by capillary flow or application of vacuum in special chambers. The transferred protein is then viewed through staining the membranes using protein dyes. To view specific proteins, further treatment with a secondary antibody and enzyme is done to produce chromogenic products that can be easily viewed on the nylon membrane.

The Western blot technique has been utilized in many tests, although it is prone to some degree of error where false negative or false positive results can be obtained. It is, therefore, advisable to perform several different tests to ascertain the presence of HIV-1 in a specimen (Owen 2007, p.19).DNA/RNA MicroarraysThis technique uses DNA/RNA microarray chips to detect gene expression of thousands of specific genes (Sealfon & Chu 2011, p.3). Miniature DNA sequences are arranged on a microscope slide by robotic machines.

mRNA obtained from a patient is then converted by reverse transcriptase to cDNA, and a fluorescent light attached to it in the process. The cDNA is then put on the glass slide and binds to the DNA strands on the slide. The resulting combination can be viewed using special scanners and indicate the level and type of gene expression in the cell (National Human Genome Research Institute 2011, para 3). Since HIV-1 alters the expression of gene expression in host cells, it is possible to test and know if one is infected with the virus using this technique.

However, the method faces challenges due to the frequent mutation of the virusAims of the experimentsThe objective of the Western blot analysis experiment is to understand the concepts and methodology involved with Western blots by testing for simulated viral proteins from hypothetical cell cultures infected with serum from HIV seropositive individuals. The DNA/RNA microarrays experiment aims at using DNA/RNA microarrays for host cell genes to identify infection of a patient by HIV.BibliographyKASSUTTO, S.

, & ROSENBERG, E. S. (2004). Primary HIV type 1 infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(10), 1447-1453.NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE (2011, November 15). DNA Microarray Technology. Retrieved January 10, 2015, from http://www.genome.gov/10000533OWEN, M. (2007). HIV Antibody/HIV Western Blot Confirmatory TestSEALFON, S. C., & CHU, T. T. (2011). RNA and DNA microarrays. In Biological Microarrays (pp. 3-34). Humana Press.SYED, I. H., BALAKRISHNAN, P., SOLOMON, S. S., MURUGAVEL, K. G.

, KUMARASAMY, N., VIDYA, S., . & SOLOMON, S. (2005). HIV-1 western blot assay: What determines an indeterminate status?. Indian journal of medical sciences, 59(10), 443.

Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“HIV-1 detection by western blot and DNA/RNA microarray Essay”, n.d.)
Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/health-sciences-medicine/1673821-hiv-1-detection-by-western-blot-and-dnarna-microarray
(HIV-1 Detection by Western Blot and DNA/RNA Microarray Essay)
https://studentshare.org/health-sciences-medicine/1673821-hiv-1-detection-by-western-blot-and-dnarna-microarray.
“HIV-1 Detection by Western Blot and DNA/RNA Microarray Essay”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/health-sciences-medicine/1673821-hiv-1-detection-by-western-blot-and-dnarna-microarray.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF HIV-1 detection by western blot and DNA/RNA microarray

Genome Science and Biological Exploration

The use of microarray technology involves the construction of microarrays in four steps.... The use of microarray technology to study gene-expressions in yeast S....  In line with this step, a microarray-referencing sample should be chosen in order to ensure that there is a collection of the adequate sample during the experimental procedure.... Following the selection of the sample, the next step involves the isolation of rna and probe generation....
8 Pages (2000 words) Essay

Current Methods of High-Throughput Expression Profiling in Normal and Disease States

The varying magnitudes of methylation in the cells are associated with different stages of cancer development, and dna methylation technique can be used to determine the exact stage (Costello et al, 2000).... Scientists and researchers point out that gene expression anomalies mostly involve the Messenger rna (mRNA).... This limitation necessitated the introduction of rna sequencing in which unknown genes expression can be studied (Cloonan et al, 2008)....
3 Pages (750 words) Essay

Differences between PCR and QPCR Methods of Gene Expression

For instance, it has been utilized for multiple purposes – to quantify mRNA levels (RT-PCR); produce DNA fragments for the purposes of cloning and subcloning; label and identify… 2005). Through PCR, the detection of RNA and dna has fully evolved.... Conventional PCR has transitioned from detection or recognition at the Real-time chemistries permit the detection of PR amplification early on.... Moreover, these conventional methods utilize Aragose gels for detection of PCR amplification at the final stage of the PCR reaction (Dharmaraj, S....
6 Pages (1500 words) Essay

RNA-Seq and Microarray Analysis

Domestic dogs are considered the perfect models for the study.... This is because dogs form spontaneous tumors and at the same time they have a tendency towards… Further the field of animal veterinary and the discipline of human medicine applies the same tools for diagnosis and therapy.... Additionally, the response of the canines to chemotherapies has more similarity to that of humans, when Therefore, dogs become the best models for indentifying the genetic underpinnings that are associated with cancer in humans (Mooney, et al....
11 Pages (2750 words) Research Paper

HIV-1 Detection by Western Blot

In western blot the method involves the separation of the proteins of an individual in accordance to the sizes through the use of a polyacrylamide gel (Wikipedia, 2013).... DNA and rna microarrays have been used in the determination of the infection with HIV since they are the key ways in the understanding of the expression of the genes and the method also allow for the rapid quantification of many of the genes once in the given cell that is focused.... The detection of the HIV virus through the process is detected through the antihuman The antibody when exposed to the enzyme with the substrate will lead to the production of a band that is colored (Luttmann, Bratke, Kupper and Myrtek, 2006)....
6 Pages (1500 words) Lab Report

Advantages and disadvantages of western blot and DNA/RNA microarray

With the number of tests available for the detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus presently used tests can determine the presence of patients specific antibodies produced by immune system in response to infectious agent (western blot method) or directly virus oligonucleotides… DNA microarray analysis is an analytical technique that used to identify mainly a viral or microbial nucleic acid in a specific sample (Hadiwikarta et al.... DNA microarray consists of thousands of deoxyoligonucleotides (probes) with ...
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

HIV-1 Detection by Western Blot

The paper "hiv-1 detection by western blot" discusses the experiment, in which the two microarrays are used where two samples are prepared and the results that are obtained and compared.... For immunological detection of a specific protein, the unstained membrane is placed in a barrier that blocks it and the barrier is that which contains detergent and protein that bind to all unoccupied sites on the nylon membrane (Kinter and Kinter, 2007)....
6 Pages (1500 words) Lab Report

Quality Control, Microarrays Data Calibration and the Quantification of Differential Expression

In microarray data testing two approaches are used in the analysis for different types of genes.... microarray data quality control is a critical area whereby the problems of implication, outlier, and unnecessary conditions need to be understood and eliminated.... ackgroundAcademic literature teems with articles discussing microarray data quality control as it relates to gene expression differences among patients in control and treatment groups of drug testing....
7 Pages (1750 words) Lab Report
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us