StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

Different Types of Fire Testing - Assignment Example

Cite this document
Summary
This assignment "Different Types of Fire Testing" presents small-scale experiments that show different behavior from large-scale experiments. The behavior of real fire may not be predicted fully by small-scale fire experiments. small scale and large scale experiments are used…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER92.9% of users find it useful

Extract of sample "Different Types of Fire Testing"

Name Course Task Date PART A 1. Discuss the different types of fire testing. Standard test method for surface burning- this is the test for the characteristics of burning surface of a building material. Fire resistance test – the test for resistance to flame by a material Fire test through penetration firestops this is done through a penetration firestops Rapid rise fire test – tests for the rate of fire spreading. (Stollard, Abrahams, 1999) 2. How do small scale experiments relate to large scale experiments and real fire situations? Small scale experiments shows different behaviour from large scale experiments. The behavior of real fire may not be predicted fully by small scale fire experiments. to obtain all the details of the real fire, small scale and large scale experiments are used. 3. Discuss the objectives of fire safety and the five tactics available to the fire safety designers seeking to fulfill the fire safety objectives? Define fire engineering and discuss its importance. Objectives Objectives are the search for physical solution to a given set of problems. they include: life and property safety, functionality, technological that include fire safety, economic and aesthetic issues. Tactics Prevention – make sure that the fires does not start by controlling fuel source and ignition points. Communication – incase of an ignition, the ocuupant should be informed and active fire systems are triggered Escape – make sure that the occupants are able to move to safety before they are threatened by fire or heat. Containment – the fire should be contained in to the small possible area to limit the amount of damage to life and property. Extinguishment – make sure that the fire can be extinguished quickly, with minimum damage to the building. (Stollard and Abrahams, 999) 4. Name and define four parameters you can determine using the cone calorimeter. Heat release rate – this is the rate at which the heat increases with time Products of combustion – carbon monoxide concentration and the other gases are measured. the peak of CO concentration is also measured Ignition time – time taken for fire to be ignited. Mass loss – loss of weight (Krasny, Parker and Babrauskas 2001) 5. Explain the term “Positive Pressure Ventilation”. This is the provision of air under pressure through a mechanical respirator machine. the machine is designed to provide artificial respiration by improving the air exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere. (Barash, et al., 2009) 6. Explain what is the flashpoint of a fuel is. It is the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapour is given off to cause temporary burning when a flame is brought near a surface. (Bonnick, 2011) 7. Explain what the Limiting Oxygen Index test does and give its limitations. LOI test measures the minimum concentration of oxygen required to support combustion of a given material. The limitation of this test is the absence of energy feedback to the specimen, since most energy is carried away by convection (ASM International, 2003) 8. What does it mean if a sample has a high LOI or a low LOI? Use examples to illustrate your answer. A high LOI means that the material is more resistant to flame, while low LOI indicates that the material more flammable. For example, a material with low LOI like gasoline will continue burning at lower oxygen concentrations compared to materials with high LOI. 9. Explain the terms “piloted-ignition” and “auto-ignition”. Auto-ignition is the temperature at which vapour ignites caused by outer ignition source. Piloted-ignition is when the reaction takes place in the combustible material itself. 10. Why is it important to carry out fire testing on materials? This is to assess or measure the response of a product, material, system or a structure to one or more aspects of fire. 11. Explain what causes a “V” pattern during a fire in a compartment. It is a natural convection mode resulting from buoyancy of heated gas, the gas tend to spread out as they rise, forming V shape. The shape clearly shows the origin of the fire. 12. Define the term “heat release rate”. Include diagrams showing heat release rate for thermally thin and thermally thick, charring and non-charring materials. Heat release rate is the rate of change of heat energy per unit time that results from conversion of chemical energy of fuel during combustion process. 13. There are five main factors which will affect the development of fire growth within a compartment. They can be divided into two categories: those that are concerned with the compartment itself and those which are concerned with the fuel. Identify these factors. Amount of oxygen available – fire can easy ignite when the oxygen is above 16% of the atmosphere. CO is formed below this percentage. Amount of fuel available Location of fire and the size of space to the surrounding flammable materials like walls. Insulating value of the ceiling and the wall. Better insulation reduces the heat transfer. Physical state of fuel and its HRR determines how fire will grow. 14. Presented below in table 1, are 10 heat release rates for a piece of laminated wood at 25.00kW/m2. Calculate the range, the mean, the standard deviation and then the uncertainty in the mean and the uncertainty in the standard deviation. Table 1: Heat release rate data Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Heat Release Rate @ 25.00kW/m2 44.80 42.15 42.97 43.60 43.88 44.80 42.79 45.10 41.62 43.74 Range = 44.80 – 41.62 = 3.18 Mean = 43.545 15. In table 2 below there is a set of results obtained from the “Bang Box” experiment. Plot a graph which will best show your results and state what the results show. Table 2: Bang box data Fuel Acetone Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 Test 8 Number of Drops 2 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 Height attained by lid (cm) 0 20 40 80 120 150 110 90 A graph of fuel acetone verses number of drops and height attained by lid in cm PART B 1) What is the maximum recommended compartment size for each of the following cases: (a) A single storey shop with sprinkler protection. No limits on the size of the floor (b) A single storey industrial – 20 m 2) What is the maximum size of an opening (unprotected area) that can be discounted when considering space separation between buildings? Negligible distance 3) In each of the following cases state whether a fire fighting shaft is recommended and if so whether or not a fire fighting lift is also required: (a) An office building with a top occupied floor of 250m2 located at 19m above fire service vehicle access level. Fire fighting shaft is recommended. A fire fighting lift is also required (b) A four storey assembly building with a top storey of 1400m2 located 10m above fire service vehicle access level. Fire fighting shaft is not recommended. A fire fighting lift is not also required 4) What is the minimum recommended fire resistance periods for the following structures: (a) A 30m high sprinkler protected residential building (b) A single storey shop with sprinkler protection. 5) What purpose groups would be appropriate for the following premises? (a) A students union building (e.g. 53°) Building in institution purpose group (b) A department store Office building purpose group (c) A factory. Industrial purpose group 6) According to Table 2 of ADB, what are the recommended travel distance limitations (single direction & more than one direction) for the following: a) A normal hazard storage facility - 25m, 45m b) A place of special fire hazard - 9m max, 18m max. c) The bedroom of an apartment – 9m, 18m d) A lecture theatre with fixed seating in rows – 15m, 32m e) Shop floor – 18m, 45m f) Plant room that exits through the accommodation within a building – 9m, 35m 7) According to Table 3 of ADB, what is the recommended minimum number of escape routes from a storey with: a) 10 people - 1 b) 100 people - 2. c) 200 people - 2. d) 500 people - 2. 8) According to Table 4 of ADB, what is the minimum exit width required to accommodate: a) 219 people – 1050mm b) 61 people – 850mm c) 10 people – 750mm d) 500 people – 500*5 = 2500mm 9) A building with four above ground floors is served by two escape stairs without lobby protection. Using Table 7 of ADB, what is the minimum width of the escape stairs if each floor accommodates: a) 75 persons – 1000mm b) 130 persons – 1000mm 10) A building with five above ground floors is served by three escape stairs with lobby protection. Using Table 7 of ADB, what is the minimum width of the escape stairs if each floor accommodates: a) 155 persons – 1000mm b) 230 persons – 1200mm 11) Assuming 100 occupants from the ground floor accommodation also exit through the ground floor of the stair enclosures for Questions 9 and 10, how wide do the final exits need to be? (I.e. a merging flow – diagram 15 and associated equation). a) N = 100 + (75*4) = 400 W = ((400/2.5) + (60*1))/80 = 2.75m b) N = 100 + (130*4) = 620 W = ((620/2.5) + (60*1))/80 = 3.85m c) N = 100 + (155*4) = 720 W = ((720/2.5) + (60*1))/80 = 4.35m d) N = 100 + (230*4) = 1020 W = ((1020/2.5) + (60*1.2))/80 = 5.725m 12) According to Table C1, what floor space factors would be appropriate in the following areas? a) An office - 6.0m2/person b) A bar – 0.3m2/person c) A shop - 2.0m2/person and 7.0m2/person d) A students union (e.g. 53Degrees) - 1.0m2/person 13) For a square room, 40m by 40m, calculate the number of occupants using the floor space factors obtained in Question 12. In each case what is the minimum number of exits required and how wide should each exit be as a minimum. a) Number of persons = 40*40/6 = 267 1 exit with W = (267/2.5)/80 = 1.335m b) N = 1600/0.3 = 5334 3 exits each carry 1778 persons W = (1778/2.5)/80 = 8.89m c) N = 1600/2 = 800 3 exits each carry 267 persons W = (267/2.5)/80 = 1.335m d) N = 1600/1 = 1600 3 exits each carry 534 persons W = (534/2.5)/80 = 2.67m 14) What is meant by the following terms: a) Life safety refers to taking care of physical well being and life of a person. b) Property protection it refers to measures taken by the owner of the property to safeguard and reduce damage. c) Fire resistance is the resistance of material to flame for specific temperature and time. d) Cavity barrier it is a barrier constructed to close a concealed space to prevent the penetration of fire and smoke. (Stollard and Abrahams, 1999) 15) Figure 1 and Figure 1a below represents a two storey office building, from the dimensions give an estimate for internal room sizes. Room size = 5*5=25m2 With reference to Figures 1 and 1a determine: a) Travel distances from each room and each floor, 2.5m, 7.5m, 12.5m, b) Occupancy load, - 6.0m2/person c) Purpose group, Office purpose group d) Exit and final exit widths, -2m e) Stair widths - 1.75m f) Classification of wall and ceiling linings. Fire resistance walls and ceilings References Bonnick A., 2011. A Practical Approach to Motor Vehicle Engineering and Maintenance, Routledge, ASM International, 2003. Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics, ASM International, Barash P. G.; et al., 2009. Clinical anesthesia, Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Stollard P., Abrahams J., 1999. Fire from First Principles: A Design Guide to Building Fire Safety, Taylor & Francis, Krasny J.; Parker W. J.; Babrauskas V., 2001. Fire behavior of upholstered furniture and mattresses, Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes, Norwich, N.Y.: William Andrew Pub. http://en.dbi-net.dk/component_things_worth_knowing_about_fire_testing.asp Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(Different Types of Fire Testing, Positive Pressure Ventilation, Relati Assignment, n.d.)
Different Types of Fire Testing, Positive Pressure Ventilation, Relati Assignment. https://studentshare.org/engineering-and-construction/2049636-engineering-design-practice
(Different Types of Fire Testing, Positive Pressure Ventilation, Relati Assignment)
Different Types of Fire Testing, Positive Pressure Ventilation, Relati Assignment. https://studentshare.org/engineering-and-construction/2049636-engineering-design-practice.
“Different Types of Fire Testing, Positive Pressure Ventilation, Relati Assignment”. https://studentshare.org/engineering-and-construction/2049636-engineering-design-practice.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Different Types of Fire Testing

Specification and Design

This project is being done to all the stakeholders in emergency response; these are the people who respond to various types of medical emergencies such as accidents, fires, the collapse of buildings or crime scenes.... The software will be designed in such a way that for instance when it is a fire emergency, the relevant personnel will be notified which will be different from the case of a crime scene.... Real dependence between gadgets, platforms and the multimedia types that they support....
6 Pages (1500 words) Dissertation

Developing Business Strategies

Section L provides the basic proposal format instructions, the number, and types of proposal volumes, the specific instruction on how to prepare each volume or section alongside the specific technical specifications to be addressed.... provision of maintenance of the Department of the Army's fire protection system in New Jersey and provision of dockside repair services for the U....
4 Pages (1000 words) Case Study

Business Systems Analysis Design and Implementation - Classic Hire Equipment Rental System

This report demonstrates the analysis, design and implementation of your business case study which outlines all the system complexities and descriptions for successfully capturing all the business functions and its implementation details. We have critically analyzed your business penetrations and modeled it appropriately for enveloping it across franchisees....
14 Pages (3500 words) Coursework

The Ethics of Personality Testing

The paper "The Ethics of Personality testing" states that the ethics of the matter are somewhat grey since depending on the ethical theory that is being applied as well as the position the company is placed in, we may get a different answer for the question of psychological testing.... Personality testing, on the other hand, is one issue which is not clearly defined by the law and is very easy to circumnavigate during the interview process....
4 Pages (1000 words) Coursework

Cost of Quality as a Measure of Process Performance

The fast growing economy of nations in different parts of the world has reached a point where quality becomes just as significant as quantity.... To be well prepared, many companies from different nations should aim at the quality already prepared today.... This research paper makes an attempt to bring out vividly the quality of cost of different companies....
9 Pages (2250 words) Essay

Overhead Absorption and Activity-Based Costing Systems

In simpler words it can be explained that absorption costing is a method by which… A product absorbs different types of expenses.... The cost of production not only includes prime costs but also the variable costs and overhead expenses.... These are not reflected in the financial statement as expenses at the time when they are incurred....
8 Pages (2000 words) Assignment

Complicated Employment Testing

There are different types of tests used by employers.... The practice of administering oral or written tests to the applicants is called employment testing.... This is often done with guidance from counsel1. The procedure of pre-employment testing has developed intensely in current The inclination headed for much greater candidate groups has also added to a rising confidence on data-driven ability administration practices that reorganize the hiring procedure....
6 Pages (1500 words) Essay

Menu Planning and Rcipe Development

t is also vital to consider the types of the menu in the recipe development.... Fast food restaurants often have these types of menus.... This research “Menu Planning and Recipe Development” seeks to describe the factors influencing menu planning and menu product development processes....
8 Pages (2000 words) Assignment
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us