Obama Re-Election - Annotated Bibliography Example

Obama Re-Election University Abstract.The papers will focus on the literature of leadership and management. It will deal with leadership assessment and some aspects of leadership that are fundamental in achieving success for a selected project. In addition, more emphasis will be put on how aspects of leadership differ from a management approach. Inclusive in the paper will be leadership assessment methods appropriate for an organization. Finally appropriate instrument for assessing leadership potential of project team members and best leadership best practices appropriate from a specific project will be explained.

Outline:Introduction Management is a process by which the elements of a group are integrated, coordinated or utilized so as to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational or individual objectives while leadership refers to a process that helps direct mobilize people and their ideas.Differences between Management and LeadershipManagement involves planning, setting short time goals and budgetingLeadership deals with challenging existing process and systems and motivating and inspiring project members.

Aspects of leadership that is fundamental in achieving successChallenging existing process and systemsLeadership aspect differ from management approachManagement approach, focus on planning and budgeting, setting short time goals and developing procedures to reach the goals.Leadership assessmentThe concept of Leadership assessment helps an organization or a project to work more effectively with other members for cohesive working environment.Method of leadership assessmentSelf evaluation method: provides an individual with a position and means to begin considering his/ her ability to serve as an effective leader.

Appropriate instrument for assessing leadership potential:Tools: check lists or a series of questions which an individual can be asked to respond.Best practices in leadership development360- Degree feedback, Outdoor challenges, Job assignment, Mentoring, Networks connecting, Reflection, and Executive coaching.Introduction:Management is a process by which the elements of a group are integrated (Bernard, 1985), coordinated or utilized so as to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational or individual objectives while leadership refers to a process that helps and directs people and their ideas.

Some of the aspects of leadership that are fundamental for success in the project are challenging existing process and systems, motivating and inspiring (Bernard, & Bruce, 1994). The concept of Leadership assessment helps an organization or a project to work more effectively with other members for cohesive working environment. The best methods of leadership assessment are Self evaluation methods. Finally some of the best leadership aspect include; mentoring, reflex action and networking (Edgar, 2010).

Differences between Management and LeadershipManagement is a process by which the elements of a group are integrated, coordinated or utilized so as to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational or individual objectives (Edgar, 2010). It is a process that is ongoing; it does not constitute an end in and itself. Management is directed towards achieving and attainment organizational goals. It involves planning, setting short time goals and budgeting. Leadership refers to a process that helps and directs people and their ideas.

Leadership involves on organizations symbols, rituals and culture. It also deals with challenging existing process and systems and motivating and inspiring project members.Aspects of leadership that is fundamental in achieving successChallenging existing process and systems: Leadership focuses on the future of the project and immerse themselves in the culture of their project. Motivate and inspiring: It is concerned with motivating project members and enabling them to act by creating a shared vision.

Leadership aspect differ from management approachManagement creates, maintains, protects and perpetuates systems. Management approach, focus on planning and budgeting, setting short time goals and developing procedures to reach the goals (Joann, 2005). While leadership focuses on challenges existing process and systems. Leadership focuses on the future of the project. Management creates and perpetuate the mythology of achieving rationality in a project while leadership aspect establish direction by developing a vision of the future, align people through shared values and vision and motivate and inspire people to move them towards the shared vision (James, 2001).

Leadership assessment The concept of Leadership assessment helps an organization or a project to work more effectively with other members for cohesive working environment. It put emphasis on identifying strengths and weakness. In might take various forms namely leadership and team assessment, organizational assessment and Pre- hire and selection assessments (Martin, & Roya, 1992)Method of leadership assessmentSelf evaluation method: provides an individual with a position and means to begin considering his/ her ability to serve as an effective leader.

Appropriate instrument for assessing leadership potential:Tools: check lists or a series of questions which an individual can be asked to respond.Best practices in leadership development360- Degree feedback: Multi source rating of performance (Bruce, 1999).Executive coaching: It is practical and focuses on one on one learningJob assignment: provide “stretch assignments in term of roles and function, to challenge or stretch an individual’s leadership capabilitiesMentoring: long term development of relationship, usually with a more senior manager (Kavita, 2010).

Networks connecting: connecting to others in different functions and areas.Reflection: Making sense of experience. Action learning: project based learning to enhance learning in the context of project imperativesOutdoor challenges: team building exercise in outdoor or wilderness setting.ConclusionA project will be successful if there will be in integration of leadership and management. There is an acute difference between leadership and management, leadership is the process of giving direction while management involves the process of planning and setting short time goals.

There are different methods of leadership’s assessment, namely self evaluation and 360- degree method. The best tool a team performance can use is check list and self declared questions. However, there are some several aspects of leadership namely; reflection making, mentoring, job assignment and executive coaching. References:Bernard, M. B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Pr.The author is much concerned about what leadership entails. Bernard, M. B & Bruce, J. A. (1994).

Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, cop.This book illustrates how leadership can transform an organization Bruce, J. A (1999). Full leadership development: building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks [u.a.] Sage Publ.Leadership can contribute much on the develop of vital forces that facilitates management in an organizationEdgar, H. S (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Leadership can be mentored through good practices in an organizationJames, W. F (2001). Corporate culture and the quality organization. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books.Organization can be built up through corporate cultureJoann, K. (2005). Communication & organizational culture: a key to understanding work experiences. Thousand Oaks, Calif [u.a.]: Sage Publ.Leadership entails different values in an organization. Communication forms basic components of these valuesJohn, B. M. (2007). Organizational behavior.

4, from theory to practice. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.Organization behavior can a be acquired through continued leadership practices Kavita, S. (2010). Organizational behavior: text and cases. Chandigarh; Upper Saddle River: Pearson.Leadership qualities can be achieved through organization behavior Martin, M. C & Roya, A. (1992). The Future of leadership research: perspectives & directions. San Diego: Academic Press.Through extensive research, it is possible to mentor good leadership qualities Peter, J. F. (1985).

Organizational culture. Beverly Hills u.a.: Sage Publ.Organizational culture forms the basis of good leadership practices.